TiO₂ Nanomaterials as Anode Materials for Lithium‐Ion Rechargeable Batteries

Abstract

With the increased focus on sustainable energy, Li‐ion rechargeable batteries are playing more important roles in energy storage and utilization. Owing to their high safety, low cost, and moderate capacity, titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanomaterials have been considered as promising alternative anode materials for Li‐ion rechargeable batteries. Here, we present a concise overview of past research efforts on TiO2 nanomaterials as anode materials for Li‐ion rechargeable batteries. We focus on research examples that illustrate the importance of the nanometer‐scale, shape, dimensionality, and morphology of the TiO2 nanomaterials to their electrochemical properties for Li‐ion storage. Representative examples are given for nanoparticles, nanowires, nanotubes, nanosheets, and three‐dimensional materials, as well as amorphous structures. Approaches to improve the performance of TiO2 nanomaterials such as carbon coating, bulk doping, self‐structural modification, and compositing are surveyed briefly. Progress in the use of TiO2 nanomaterials in full‐cell configurations is also reviewed. Finally, the challenges for the practical applications of TiO2 nanomaterials in Li‐ion rechargeable batteries are discussed briefly.

Lithium insertion properties of mesoporous nanocrystalline TiO2 and TiO2–V2O5 microspheres prepared by non-hydrolytic sol–gel

“…For instance, after 5 cycles at a current density of 1 C, &5 nm nanoparticles exhibited a capacity of &180-190 mAh g -1 [10,11] compared to only &20 mAh g -1 for 300 nm particles [10]. Thus, much work aimed at developing nanostructured TiO 2 materials with high specific surface area and interconnected mesopores, readily accessible to electrolyte, which reduces the transport lengths of lithium ions and electrons and improves the performances of a Li-ion battery [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19]. In addition, electronic conductivity can be improved by doping TiO 2 with aliovalent ions, such as vanadium, niobium, sulfur, or nitrogen [8,20,21], or by deposition of a conductive metal oxide phase at the surface of the nanoparticles [10].…”

Binary Lithium Titanate–Titania Nanocomposite Thin‐Film Electrodes for Electrochemical Energy Storage

“…Obvious redox peaks were not observed, neither in as‐deposited nor in annealed LTO–TO electrodes. The pseudocapacitive behavior was clearer in LTO–TO electrodes . The curve shapes of annealed LTO–TO electrode are somewhat broadened, implying that the capacity covered a wider potential range and that it had steep gradients during the charge and discharge processes.…”

“…The curve shapes of annealed LTO–TO electrode are somewhat broadened, implying that the capacity covered a wider potential range and that it had steep gradients during the charge and discharge processes. This was mainly attributed to the binary nanocomposite structure of the annealed LTO–TO electrode with abundant grain boundary . EIS, a promising tool for investigating diffusion, was carried out to identify the relationship between the electrochemical performance and electrode kinetics.…”

“…Thep seudocapacitive behavior was cleareri nL TO-TOe lectrodes. [43] Thec urve shapeso fa nnealed LTO-TOe lectrode are somewhat broadened,i mplying that the capacityc overed aw ider potential range and that it had steep gradients duringt he charge and discharge processes.T his was mainly attributed to the binary nanocomposite structure of the an-nealedL TO-TOe lectrode with abundant grain boundary. [43] EIS,apromising tool for investigating diffusion, was carried out to identify the relationship between the electrochemical performance and electrodek inetics.N yquistp lots of the asdeposited and annealed LTO-TOt hin film electrodes obtained at 1.55 Vv s. Li/Li + as well as fitting results obtained using an equivalent circuit are shown in Figures 3b,3ca nd 3d,r espectively.T he intercept in the high-frequency region of the Z' real axis corresponds to the Ohmic resistance (R s ), which is the combined resistance of the electrolyte and contacts of the cell.…”

Controlled synthesis of mesoporous nanostructured anatase TiO2on a genetically modified Escherichia coli surface for high reversible capacity and long-life lithium-ion batteries

“…5,6 To address these issues, TiO 2 with different morphologies and hierarchical structures have been investigated. 8 For example, Lupo et al prepared mesoporous TiO 2 anatase nanocrystals with good rate capability and excellent stability upon very prolonged cycling. 8 For example, Lupo et al prepared mesoporous TiO 2 anatase nanocrystals with good rate capability and excellent stability upon very prolonged cycling.…”