TiO₂Nanotube Arrays Annealed in N₂for Efficient Lithium-Ion Intercalation

Abstract

Anatase titania nanotube arrays were fabricated by means of anodization and annealed at 300, 400, and 500°C in N 2 . Lithium-ion intercalation measurements revealed that annealing in nitrogen resulted in much enhanced lithium-ion insertion capacity and improved cyclic stability. TiO 2 nanotube arrays annealed at 300°C exhibited the best lithium-ion intercalation property with an initial high discharge capacity up to 240 mA · h/g at a high current density of 320 mA/g. The excellent discharge capacity at a high charge/discharge rate could be attributed to the large surface area of the nanotube arrays and a short facile diffusion path for lithium-ion intercalation as well as improved electrical conductivity. As the annealing temperature increased, the discharge capacity decreased, but the cyclic stability improved; 400°C annealed TiO 2 nanotube arrays possessed an initial discharge capacity of 163 mA · h/g and retained 145 mA · h/g at the 50th cycle. The relationship between the annealing conditions, microstructure, and lithium-ion intercalation properties of TiO 2 nanotube arrays was discussed.

Effect of Annealing Atmosphere Induced Crystallite Size Changes on the Electrochemical Properties of TiO2 Nanotubes Arrays

“…Similarly, the cyclic and rate performance Ar-annealed were close to Air-annealed TNAs, but its specific capacity is the lowest. The specific capacity and rate performance of N 2 annealed sample were better than Ar-annealed, which attributed to the reduction of charge transfer resistance of N 2 annealed atmosphere while cyclic performance is similar to Ar-annealed TNAs [40]. So the comparative study on the electrochemical properties of TNAs annealed in different atmosphere revealed that enhancement of specific capacity might be obtained.…”

Lithium storage study on MoO3-grafted TiO2 nanotube arrays

“…However, the areal specific capacity, even for the optimized TNAs, is found to be low (Tauseef Anwar et al 2015). Three different methods have been proposed to enhance the specific capacity: (1) doping TNAs with metal or nonmetal elements (Kyeremateng et al 2013b;Liu et al 2008Liu et al , 2009); (2) coating TNAs with conductive reagents (Guan and Wang 2013;Kim et al 2010;Zhang et al 2009); (3) modify TNAs with oxide materials that have larger capacities [SnO 2 (Meng et al 2013), Co 3 O 4 (Fan et al 2013;Kyeremateng et al 2013a), Nb 2 O 5 (Yang et al 2013) and Fe 2 O 3 (Yu et al 2013)] to yield hybrid or composite structures.…”

Molybdenum disulfide grafted titania nanotube arrays as high capacity retention anode material for lithium ion batteries

“…However, TNAs have lower areal specific capacity (Anwar et al 2015) which can be improved by adopting different strategies such as, metal or non-metal element doping (Liu et al 2008(Liu et al , 2014, annealing in different atmosphere (Lu et al 2012), conductive coating , and by compositing with the higher capacity materials . Molybdenum disulfide (MoS 2 ) is an attractive material for the practical applications including hydrogen storage, (Chen et al 2001;Ye et al 2006) as catalysts, (Hinnemann et al 2005;Lukowski et al 2013) lubricants, (Chhowalla and Amaratunga 2000;Savan et al 2000) double-layer capacitor (Cao et al 2013;Soon and Loh 2007) as well as lithiun-ion batteries (Hwang et al 2011;Stephenson et al 2014;Feng et al 2009;Li et al 2009;Dominko et al 2002).…”