TiO₂nanotubes with tunable morphologies

Abstract

Titanium anodic oxide layers with a bottle shaped nanotubular structure have been grown in an electrolyte containing NH 4 F, applying voltage steps. The grown layers were analyzed using scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM and TEM), and Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy (RBS). The results show that a concentration of 0.15 M of NH 4 F in the anodizing bath, and a step of 10 to 20 V produces an oxide with a double morphology comprised of nanotubes at the oxide/metal interface and nanopores at the oxide/electrolyte interface of the anodic layer. Higher concentration of F À in the bath, 0.3 and 0.45 M NH 4 F, enhanced the chemical dissolution of the anodic layer resulting in nanotubular structures along the oxide layer. Therefore, the bottle shaped nanotubular structures that show a well defined morphology are obtained in a bath containing a concentration of 0.3 M NH 4 F and applying a voltage step of 10-20 V.

Staphylococcus aureus Prosthetic Joint Infection Is Prevented by a Fluorine‐ and Phosphorus‐Doped Nanostructured Ti–6Al–4V Alloy Loaded With Gentamicin and Vancomycin

“…Bottle‐shaped TiO 2 nanotubes (bNT) were prepared in an electrolyte containing 1 M NH 4 H 2 PO 4 and 0.3 M NH 4 F and applying two‐stepped voltage: a first voltage step of 10 V for 30 min, followed by the second step of 20 V for 60 min …”

“…Bottle-shaped TiO 2 nanotubes (bNT) were prepared in an electrolyte containing 1 M NH 4 H 2 PO 4 and 0.3 M NH 4 F and applying two-stepped voltage: a first voltage step of 10 V for 30 min, followed by the second step of 20 V for 60 min. 12 Antibiotic load and release from bNT Antibiotic load and release from bNT were evaluated using the methodology previously described by Aguilera-Correa et al, 16 where GV (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO) were loaded into bNT layers by the method described by Doadrio et al 15 In brief, the load of the mixture of GV were prepared with 75 mg of each antibiotic in 20 ml of water. For the loading, the specimens were held by a platinum wire and introduced in a polypropylene recipient containing 20 ml of the antibiotic aqueous solution under continuous stirring, for 24 h to reach the maximum drug adsorption.…”

“…The Ti–6Al–4V alloy is commonly used in orthopedic implants due to its favorable mechanical properties, corrosion resistance, and biocompatibility . We described the possibility of fabricating bottle‐shaped nanotubular oxide layers doped with fluorine (F) and phosphrous (P) by anodizing from Ti–6Al–4V to provide osseostimuling effect both in vitro and in vivo by avoiding aseptic loosening. Furthermore, these bottle‐shaped nanotubes can be loaded with drugs such as ibuprofen .…”

Use of anodized titanium alloy as drug carrier: Ibuprofen as model of drug releasing

“…The pH values were adjusted to 4.4-4.6 using NaOH and measured using narrow range (4.0-7.0) pH indicator strip (Whatman). Finally, bottle shaped nanotubes (NTb) were formed in the same electrolyte than previous applying two stepped voltage: a first voltage step of 10V for 30 min, followed by a second voltage step of 20V for 60 min (Hernández-López et al, 2014).…”

Anodized Nanoporous Titania Thin Films for Dental Application: Structure’ Effect on Corrosion Behavior

“…It was found that the electrochemical anodization in fluoride-containing electrolytes is the simplest and the low cost technique that was employed extensively to synthesis nanoporous and nanotubular TiO2 thin films on titanium and Ti-based surface alloys [21].…”