“…Homogeneous catalysts that have been extensively used to catalyze chemical reactions have poor recoverability, limited reusability, and stability. − In order to overcome these limitations, heterogeneous catalysts which are more efficient and ecofriendly are being explored. Many studies have been conducted where supported precious metals like gold and silver have been used as a catalyst for the oxidative functionalization of styrene. , Transition metals are also suitable for oxidizing olefins. , Compared with the conventional catalyst, inorganic nanoparticles are more catalytically efficient due to a large number of active sites and trouble-free recovery from reaction media. , Nowadays, inorganic nanoparticles are used as catalysts for a vast number of reactions, for example, hydro-deoxygenation of anisole, polluted water treatment, toxic dye degradation, , hydrogen production, electrode material for Li-ion battery, degradations of phenol and toluene, etc. Particularly, inorganic nanoparticles with magnetic properties have attracted substantial attention from an academic and an industrial perspective. − Supports like alumina, silica, organic molecules, and polymers are used in heterogeneous catalysts to increase the surface area and effectivity. − However, phase separation in a heterogeneous reaction system limits the accessibility of the substrate to the catalytic surface.…”