TiO2 nanotubes antireflection coating design for GaAs solar cells

Saint-André, Simón; Rodríguez, Daniel; Perillo, P.M.; Barrera, Mario

doi:10.1016/j.solmat.2021.111201

Cited by 17 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Figure 6b displays the thin film's FESEM image (top view), which was somewhat uneven with small bumps and zigzag patterns (yellow circle). The observed rapid reduction in the diffuse reflectance of the grown films was mainly due to increased surface roughness [7]. To confirm the photovoltaic potential of the deposited film containing TiO2NPs, an MIS solar cell of the form Al/p-c-Si/PSi/TiO2NPs/Ag was fabricated.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Long-chain carboxylic acid with other functional groups effectively modifies TiO 2 surface morphology [5]. Over the years, metal oxides have been utilized to improve the performance of the solar cell by reducing the reflection and recombination rate [6], the surface passivation through the anti-reflection layer of TiO 2 to reduce the total reflection [7], improve energy absorption, and produce a large number of photo-generated Energies 2022, 15, 1648 2 of 16 carriers. Heterogeneous solar cells based on TiO 2 /Si and ZnO/Si layers have been used to overcome the high recombination rate by producing small conduction band barriers (∆E C ), which enabled the extraction of photo-generated electrons and high valence band barriers (∆E V ) that prevented the extraction of the photo-generated hole.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Photovoltaic Performance of Spherical TiO2 Nanoparticles Derived from Titanium Hydroxide Ti(OH)4: Role of Annealing Varying Temperature

et al. 2022

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High-quality titanium dioxide (TiO2 or titania) nanoparticles (TiO2NPs) with tailored morphologies are desirable for efficient photovoltaic applications. In this view, some thin films containing spherical TiO2NPs were prepared on indium tin oxide (ITO) and silicon (Si) substrates from titanium hydroxide Ti(OH)4 using the unified sol-gel, spray and spin coating method followed by thermal annealing at different temperatures (in the range of 200–650 °C). Samples were characterized using various analytical tools to determine the influence of annealing temperatures on their structures, morphologies, and optical and photovoltaic characteristics. A field-emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) and energy-filtered transmission electron microscopy (EFTEM) images of the annealed films displayed the existence of spherical TiO2NPs of average size in the range of 3.2 to 33.94 nm. XRD analysis of the films showed their amorphous nature with anatase and rutile phase. Optical UV-Vis spectral analysis of the annealed films exhibited a decrease in the bandgap energy from 3.84 to 3.24 eV with the corresponding increase of annealing temperature from 200 to 650 °C. The optimum films obtained at 500 and 600 °C were utilized as electron transport layers to fabricate the metal-insulator-semiconductor solar cells. The cells’ power conversion efficiency assembled with the spherical TiO2NPs-enclosed thin films annealed at 500 and 600 °C were 1.02 and 0.28%, respectively. Furthermore, it was shown that the overall properties and photovoltaic performance of the TiO2NPs-based thin films could be improved via thermal annealing.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photovoltaic Performance of Spherical TiO2 Nanoparticles Derived from Titanium Hydroxide Ti(OH)4: Role of Annealing Varying Temperature

et al. 2022

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“…It was found that the following ARCs could reduce reflection and improve the efficiency of GaAs solar cells: DLC (amorphous diamondlike carbon) (50 nm) [54,55], ITO (68 nm) [56], Ta 2 O 5 (67 nm) [56], ZnO (110 nm) [57] SLARC and SiO 2 /TiO 2 , MgF 2 /Si 3 N 4 , MgF 2 /TiO 2 DLARC [58] and so on. Saint-Andre et al [59] adapted an anodic oxidation method to prepare a TiO 2 DLARC consisting of a dense TiO 2 layer at the bottom and a mixture of TiO 2 and voids at the top. Compared with the bare cell, the J SC had a brilliant change which increased by 44% in the non-packaged case and 37% in the packaged case.…”

Section: The Second Generation Of Solar Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Applications of Antireflection Coatings in Solar Cells

Liu

Bao

et al. 2022

Photonics

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The antireflection coating (ARC) suppresses surface light loss and thus improves the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of solar cells, which is its essential function. This paper reviews the latest applications of antireflection optical thin films in different types of solar cells and summarizes the experimental data. Basic optical theories of designing antireflection coatings, commonly used antireflection materials, and their classic combinations are introduced. Since single and double antireflection coatings no longer meet the research needs in terms of antireflection effect and bandwidth, the current research mainly concentrates on multiple layer antireflection coatings, for example, adjusting the porosity or material components to achieve a better refractive index matching and the reflection effect. However, blindly stacking the antireflection films is unfeasible, and the stress superposition would allow the film layer to fail quickly. The gradient refractive index (GRIN) structure almost eliminates the interface, which significantly improves the adhesion and permeability efficiency. The high-low-high-low refractive index (HLHL) structure achieves considerable antireflection efficiency with fewer materials while selecting materials with opposite stress properties improves the ease of stress management. However, more sophisticated techniques are needed to prepare these two structures. Furthermore, using fewer materials to achieve a better antireflection effect and reduce the impact of stress on the coatings is a research hotspot worthy of attention.

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“…[18] Nanostructured ARCs with graded refractive indices provide a potential path to achieve wide-range low reflectivity as well. [2,[19][20][21] Xi et al introduced triple-layer TiO 2 and double-layer SiO 2 films with refractive indices step-down from 2.03 to 1.05 deposited on AlN substrate by oblique-angle e-beam evaporation (EBE), with reflectivity of only 0.1%. [22] However, due to the slow deposition rate, poor repeatability, and complex manufacturing process, the aforementioned two methods are not preferred for mass production.…”

Section: Doi: 101002/ente202201063mentioning

confidence: 99%

Design of Quadruple‐Layer Antireflection Coating for AlGaInP/AlGaAs/GaAs Three‐Junction Solar Cell

Zhang¹,

Li²,

Lu³

et al. 2022

Energy Tech

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A combination of AlGaInP/AlGaAs/GaAs is commonly used in world‐record five‐ and six‐junction solar cells for their easily tunable bandgap and nearly matched lattice constants. Wide‐range low reflectivity is of significant importance in this three‐junction solar cell (3JSC), but also difficult to achieve particularly in 300–400 nm due to the optical properties of III–V alloys. Therefore, quadruple‐layer antireflection coatings (QLAR) composed of ZnS and MgF2 films are studied in this article for both performance and practicability. Optical constants of ZnS and MgF2 films are extracted by variable angle spectroscopic ellipsometry. 150 °C is determined as the best deposition temperature to decrease parasitic absorption in ZnS films. The antireflection coating is designed by the transfer‐matrix method considering both low reflectivity in a wide range of 300–900 nm and balanced subcell current density. Fabricated 3JSC with optimized MgF2/ZnS/MgF2/ZnS QLAR is demonstrated to possess low reflection losses in a broadband spectral range, with an average of only 1.59% in 300–900 nm. This boosts the integral current density to 11.58, 11.35, and 11.25 mA cm−2 for AlGaInP, AlGaAs, and GaAs subcells, respectively.

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TiO2 nanotubes antireflection coating design for GaAs solar cells

Cited by 17 publications

References 44 publications

Photovoltaic Performance of Spherical TiO2 Nanoparticles Derived from Titanium Hydroxide Ti(OH)4: Role of Annealing Varying Temperature

Photovoltaic Performance of Spherical TiO2 Nanoparticles Derived from Titanium Hydroxide Ti(OH)4: Role of Annealing Varying Temperature

Recent Applications of Antireflection Coatings in Solar Cells

Design of Quadruple‐Layer Antireflection Coating for AlGaInP/AlGaAs/GaAs Three‐Junction Solar Cell

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