TiO2 powder modified by plasma afterglow: A correlation between active species, microstructure, and optical properties

Phosphonium ionic liquid-promoted Ce-doped nitrogen-rich TiO2 for degradation gaseous pollutant under visible light irradiation

“…As shown in figure 1(a), the results of XRD pattern exhibited that the obtain samples are anatase phase (JCPDS: 21-1272) [19]. The average crystallite sizes of TiO 2 (P25), T-PT and CNT-PT are 17.34, 10.67 and 10.77 nm calculated by Scherrer formula, respectively, while the data of imidazolium IL-TiO 2 are 12-34 nm [9,18,20,21].…”

Tailoring Black TiO2 Thin Films: Insights from Hollow Cathode Hydrogen Plasma Treatment Duration

“…The primary expected characteristics of black TiO 2 include bandgap narrowing, the creation of Ti 3+ /Ti 2+ oxidation states, oxygen vacancies (V o ), microstructural disorder, increased surface area, presence of OH groups on the surface, in-gap states, and enhanced absorption of visible light [11]. To date, the most used methods are based on laser processes [12], plasma-assisted treatments [13], chemical reductions [14], and low-/high-pressure heat treatments [15][16][17]. Among these, plasma-based processes have been employed through various configurations: thermal plasma furnaces [18], non-thermal dielectric barrier discharges (DBD) [19], plasma sprays [20,21], chemical vapor deposition (CVD) [22,23], and others [13,24].…”

“…To date, the most used methods are based on laser processes [12], plasma-assisted treatments [13], chemical reductions [14], and low-/high-pressure heat treatments [15][16][17]. Among these, plasma-based processes have been employed through various configurations: thermal plasma furnaces [18], non-thermal dielectric barrier discharges (DBD) [19], plasma sprays [20,21], chemical vapor deposition (CVD) [22,23], and others [13,24]. In this context, the CVD method is one of the most promising for synthesizing black TiO 2 , primarily due to its relatively mild conditions (low pressure and short processing time) and the intense chemical reactions that this technique offers without damaging the material's internal microstructure.…”