“…Titania-silica mixed oxides have attracted significant research interest, because of their wide range of applications, such as glasses with a low thermal coefficient [36] or high strength [37], super-hydrophilic surfaces [38,39], implant coatings for direct tissue attachment [40,41], high-k dielectric materials [42], optical sensors [43][44][45], antireflection coating for solar cells [46], optical planar waveguide [47][48][49], and heterogeneous catalysts [50][51][52][53][54]. Various kinds of TiO 2 -SiO 2 composites have been developed, which involve spherical particles [55,56], thin films [39,44,46], fibers [57,58], and porous materials [50,54,59].…”