TiO2 Solar Photocatalytic Reactor Systems: Selection of Reactor Design for Scale-up and Commercialization—Analytical Review

Abdel-Maksoud, Yasmine; Imam, Emad; Ramadan, Adham R.

doi:10.3390/catal6090138

Cited by 112 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 108 publications

(156 reference statements)

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“…[342] Pioneersi nt his field are the Americanl aboratories and "Plataforma Solar de Almería( PSA) of CIEMAT", Spain. First, the use of titaniumd ioxide as ap owderr equires af iltration step, which is an expensive treatment step.…”

Section: Scale Up and Commercializationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The main reason for the scarcity of commercial applications remains the lack of regulations on limited volumeso fp olluted water.D ifferent configurations of solar TiO 2 photocatalytic reactors have been designed for large-scale applications, including the parabolic trough,f lat plate, open tank, double skin sheet, and shallow ponds. [342] Pioneersi nt his field are the Americanl aboratories and "Plataforma Solar de Almería( PSA) of CIEMAT", Spain. The same depollution reactions studied at Table 3.…”

Section: Scale Up and Commercializationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Recent Progress on Titanium Dioxide Nanomaterials for Photocatalytic Applications

et al. 2018

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Environmental and energy problems have drawn much attention owing to rapid population growth and accelerated economic development. For instance, photocatalysis, "a green technology", plays an important role in solar-energy conversion owing to its potential to solve energy and environmental problems. Recently, many efforts have been devoted to improving visible-light photocatalytic activity by using titanium dioxide as a photocatalyst as a result of its wide range of applications in the energy and environment fields. However, fast charge recombination and an absorption edge in the UV range limit the photocatalytic efficiency of TiO under visible-light irradiation. Many investigations have been undertaken to overcome the limitations of TiO and, therefore, to enhance its photocatalytic activity under visible light. The present literature review focuses on different strategies used to promote the separation efficiency of electron-hole pairs and to shift the absorption edge of TiO to the visible region. Current synthesis techniques used to elaborate several nanostructures of TiO -based materials, recent progress in enhancing visible photocatalytic activity, and different photocatalysis applications will be discussed. On the basis of the studies reported in the literature, we believe that this review will help in the development of new strategies to improve the visible-light photocatalytic performance of TiO -based materials further.

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Section: Scale Up and Commercializationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Scale Up and Commercializationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Progress on Titanium Dioxide Nanomaterials for Photocatalytic Applications

et al. 2018

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“…As a photoactive material, the powdered TiO 2 must be separated from water prior to its release that necessitates an additional treatment step [3,18,19]. Although immobilized TiO 2 avoids the complications of a secondary separation step, its available surface for reactions is reduced and consequently has lower reactivity, leading to lower degradation rates in some cases [20][21][22][23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With a simple setup, they have been shown to degrade a variety of organic contaminants [8,37]. However, due to the tendency of charge-hole recombination in the semiconductor photocatalyst, the quantum yield is generally low in heterogeneous photocatalysis [19,20,38].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Study of Four TiO2-Based Photocatalysts to Degrade 2,4-D in a Semi-Passive System

Heydari

Hollman

Achari

et al. 2019

Water

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In this study, the relative efficiency of four forms of supported titanium dioxide (TiO2) as a photocatalyst to degrade 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) in Killex®, a commercially available herbicide was studied. Coated glass spheres, anodized plate, anodized mesh, and electro-photocatalysis using the anodized mesh were evaluated under an ultraviolet – light-emitting diode (UV-LED) light source at λ = 365 nm in a semi-passive mode. Energy consumption of the system was used to compare the efficiency of the photocatalysts. The results showed both photospheres and mesh consumed approximately 80 J/cm3 energy followed by electro-photocatalysis (112.2 J/cm3), and the anodized plate (114.5 J/cm3). Although electro-photocatalysis showed the fastest degradation rate (K = 5.04 mg L−1 h−1), its energy consumption was at the same level as the anodized plate with a lower degradation rate constant of 3.07 mg L−1 h−1. The results demonstrated that three-dimensional nanotubes of TiO2 surrounding the mesh provide superior degradation compared to one-dimensional arrays on the planar surface of the anodized plate. With limited broad-scale comparative studies between varieties of different TiO2 supports, this study provides a comparative analysis of relative degradation efficiencies between the four photocatalytic configurations.

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“…So, the installation of these systems also requires a large area [22] to avoid that the single modules projecting shadows upon each other [23]. Another limitation this kind of system is connected to the use of only direct sunlight [24,25]. Thus, the solar photoreactors do not work efficiently during cloudy days and night time.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Packed Bed Photoreactor for the Removal of Water Pollutants Using Visible Light Emitting Diodes

2019

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A packed bed photoreactor was developed using a structured photocatalyst active under visible light. The packed bed reactor was irradiated by visible light-emitting diodes (LEDs) for the evaluation of photocatalytic activity in the removal of different types of water pollutants. By using a flexible LEDs strip as the external light source, it was possible to use a simple cylindrical geometry for the photoreactor, thereby enhancing the contact between the photocatalyst and the water to be treated. The visible light active structured photocatalyst was composed by N-doped TiO 2 particles supported on polystyrene spheres. Photocatalytic results showed that the almost total methylene blue decolorization was achieved after 120 min of irradiation. Moreover, the developed packed bed photoreactor was effective in the removal of ceftriaxone, paracetamol, and caffeine, allowing it to reach the almost total degradation of the pollutants and a total organic carbon removal above 80% after 180 min of visible light irradiation. of pollutants through the application of conventional lamps as light sources [20]. However, since conventional lamps are expensive in terms of manufacturing, as well as electricity consumption, many studies have been devoted to photocatalytic reactors that exploit the solar spectrum [21].But it is necessary to take into account the many limitations related to solar photoreactors. For example, in a solar compound parabolic collector (CPC), despite the fact that the reactor is formed by small tubes, the area equipped by the parabolic collector for light harvesting is huge. So, the installation of these systems also requires a large area [22] to avoid that the single modules projecting shadows upon each other [23]. Another limitation this kind of system is connected to the use of only direct sunlight [24,25]. Thus, the solar photoreactors do not work efficiently during cloudy days and night time. The recent rapid advances in light-emitting diodes (LEDs) technology have made possible a new frontier for a wide range of lighting applications, including photocatalysis and, consequently, photoreactor design [26,27]. In fact, the energy conversion efficiency of LEDs has increased exponentially in recent years, making them a suitable light source for the design of compact photocatalytic reactors for water and wastewater treatment [28,29], as well as for the removal of hazardous compounds from gaseous streams [30], overcoming the limitations related to the developing of photocatalytic reactors into pilot scale level. With the use of LEDs, the design of photoreactors could be significantly facilitated and, by using a flexible LEDs strip as the external light source, it is possible to use simple cylindrical geometry for photoreactor, thereby enhancing the contact between the photocatalyst and the water to be treated.Moreover, cylindrical geometry for photocatalytic reactors is the most used in solar through collectors [31], and it is the simplest configuration, allowing a possible scale-up of photocatalytic systems for...

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TiO2 Solar Photocatalytic Reactor Systems: Selection of Reactor Design for Scale-up and Commercialization—Analytical Review

Cited by 112 publications

References 108 publications

Recent Progress on Titanium Dioxide Nanomaterials for Photocatalytic Applications

Recent Progress on Titanium Dioxide Nanomaterials for Photocatalytic Applications

Comparative Study of Four TiO2-Based Photocatalysts to Degrade 2,4-D in a Semi-Passive System

Packed Bed Photoreactor for the Removal of Water Pollutants Using Visible Light Emitting Diodes

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