“…15 It contains the ticker symbol, date, time and all preopening quotes (from 8:00 a.m. to 9:30 a.m.) of a sample of 52 NASDAQ stocks from October 1, 1995 through September 30, 1996 (252 trading days). 16 The dataset includes all market-makers identifications ('MPID's) and consists of (i) the 14 Market-makers with sell-side research coverage tend to be more active in the liquidity provision and the price discovery process (Madureira and Underwood, 2008), to post aggressive quotes in anticipation of changes in stock recommendations by analysts from the same market-maker firm (Heidle and Li, 2005), or to tip some of their institutional clients prior to the release of analysts' reports (Irvine, Lipson and Puckett, 2007). 15 I warmly thank Frank Hatheway for kindly providing a copy of the Bridge preopening dataset.…”