Tired Light Denies the Big Bang

Shao, Ming-Hui; Wang, Na; Gao, Zhi‐Fu

doi:10.5772/intechopen.81233

Cited by 5 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…From the historical beginning, misgivings about the hypothesis space expansion have produced the Doppler effect which causes redshifts in starlight and have been summed up by Shoa [1]. This hypothesis together with observed redshifts leads to Hubble's law [2], which provides the main scientific evidence for the Big Bang theory.…”

Section: Big Bang and "Tired Light"mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This hypothesis together with observed redshifts leads to Hubble's law [2], which provides the main scientific evidence for the Big Bang theory. Since that time, no one has questioned this fundamental hypothesis except a small number of opponents, such as proponents of "tired light" [1,3,4]. During Hubble's time, only redshifts smaller than 0.1 were involved; then, this hypothesis would not invoke too great a controversy.…”

Section: Big Bang and "Tired Light"mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Wave Propagation Theory Denies the Big Bang

Chen¹

2022

Astronomy and Planetary Science - From Cryovolcanism to Black Holes and Galactic Evolution

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Problems related to Big Bang because of the Doppler interpretation of cosmological redshift have not been resolved up to recent years. The “tired light” theory proposes an energy loss model that has its own limitations. Chen in 2020 and 2021 proposed to treat light propagation through the space just as a field problem involving electromagnetic waves and governed by the well-known nonlinear Schrödinger (NLS) equation. The space is not a vacuum and is sparsely populated with matters. Electromagnetic waves traveling through the space will undergo changes as predicted by the NLS equation involving a linear dispersion and a nonlinear self-phase focusing terms. Using the cosmological principle, the coefficients associated with these terms could be constants but extremely small in value. Special numerical methods have been developed and could be used to find both bright and dark soliton-like solutions for the NLS equation that are stable and could travel through the extremely long distance involved. These solutions clearly show the redshift is linearly proportional to distance traveled for both bright and dark solitons. The conclusion is that redshift (and blue shift) is an innate nature of light traveling through the space.

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Section: Big Bang and "Tired Light"mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Big Bang and "Tired Light"mentioning

confidence: 99%

Wave Propagation Theory Denies the Big Bang

Chen¹

2022

Astronomy and Planetary Science - From Cryovolcanism to Black Holes and Galactic Evolution

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“…The cosmic background radiation (CMB) only proves that the existing universal space radiates CMB. The redshift of light from far galaxies is not due to the expansion of the universe; it originates by an effect called "tired light", in which the light, detaching itself from the strong gravity field of a galaxy, loses part of its energy [6].…”

Section: Fundamental Time Emergent Time Bijectivity Principlementioning

confidence: 99%

The Difficulties of Big Bang Theory and a New Explanatory Scenario

Sia¹

2020

EOIJ

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The Big Bang (BB) theory is considered an accepted scientific fact, despite a substantial lack of empirical evidence and although there is a growing set of discrepancies with the observations made of the far universe. New measurements of the Hubble constant suggest strong implications about the validity of the current Standard Model of cosmology at the extreme scales of cosmos. NASA measured in 2014 that space in the universe has an Euclidean shape, not a curved one. According to Stephen Hawking and Alan Guth, the universe started from a mathematical point, with an infinite amount of energy, which is a non-physical and non-falsifiable assumption. Problems also exist about the size of the universe observable today. A new model solves all these problems and offers a new vision of cosmology through the extension of the Einstein's theory of relativity and the introduction of a principle of bijectivity.

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“…The physical mechanics of tired light was not clearly described until 2013 when M. Shao published his paper. Shao pointed out that the physical mechanics of tired light should be the Lorentz electric force produced by the electromagnetic field of photons acting on material particles" [14]. M. Shao's model of the tired light effect was published in Physics Essays [15].…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Time-invariant Eternal Universe

Šorli¹,

Čelan²,

Brzo³

2020

Preprint

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Big Bang cosmology is based on the interpretation of astronomical data. CMB is interpreted as the proof of the beginning and cosmological redshift is interpreted as the proof of universe expansion. When these two data are seen without interpretation we can say: CMB is the radiation of the existent universal space. The cosmological redshift of the light coming from distant galaxies is due to the strong gravitational force of the galaxies. AGNs in the centre of galaxies are rejuvenating systems of the universe, they transform old matter into fresh energy in the form of jets.

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Tired Light Denies the Big Bang

Cited by 5 publications

References 16 publications

Wave Propagation Theory Denies the Big Bang

Wave Propagation Theory Denies the Big Bang

The Difficulties of Big Bang Theory and a New Explanatory Scenario

Time-invariant Eternal Universe

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