TIS10, a phorbol ester tumor promoter-inducible mRNA from Swiss 3T3 cells, encodes a novel prostaglandin synthase/cyclooxygenase homologue

Dieckol isolated from a brown alga,Eisenia nipponica, suppresses ear swelling from allergic inflammation in mouse

“…Since the AA cascade is related to the MAPK cascade and mRNA expression of COX-2, IL-6, and TNFα, and all are involved in ear swelling (Hirasawa et al, 1995;Kujubu et al, 1991;Meurer et al, 1988;Rao et al, 1993;Zachariassen et al, 2017), these anti-inflammatory mechanisms would contribute to the suppression of mouse ear swelling observed in the present study (Table 2), confirmed by mRNA expression suppression of COX-2, IL-6, and TNFα (Figures 3 and 4). Since degranulation and chemical mediator release are also involved in ear swelling (Kujubu et al, 1991;Meurer et al, 1988;Rao et al, 1993), the suppressive effect of dieckol on degranulation and chemical mediator release from RBL cells (Tables 3 and 4) can be considered as one of the suppressive mechanisms of dieckol in ear swelling. These results are confirmed by reports on the compound's suppression of PGE 2 synthesis and degranulation via the suppression of binding activity between IgE and FcεRI (Jung et al, 2009;Le et al, 2009).…”

“…In murine BV2 microglia cells, dieckol exhibited anti-inflammatory effects by blocking the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase, COX-2, and nuclear factor-κB proteins, nitric oxide and PGE 2 production, and the generation of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade (Jung et al, 2009), as well as to the inhibition of enzymatic activities (phospholipase A 2 and LOX) involved in arachidonic acid (AA) cascade (Shibata et al, 2003). Since the AA cascade is related to the MAPK cascade and mRNA expression of COX-2, IL-6, and TNFα, and all are involved in ear swelling (Hirasawa et al, 1995;Kujubu et al, 1991;Meurer et al, 1988;Rao et al, 1993;Zachariassen et al, 2017), these anti-inflammatory mechanisms would contribute to the suppression of mouse ear swelling observed in the present study (Table 2), confirmed by mRNA expression suppression of COX-2, IL-6, and TNFα (Figures 3 and 4). Since degranulation and chemical mediator release are also involved in ear swelling (Kujubu et al, 1991;Meurer et al, 1988;Rao et al, 1993), the suppressive effect of dieckol on degranulation and chemical mediator release from RBL cells (Tables 3 and 4) can be considered as one of the suppressive mechanisms of dieckol in ear swelling.…”

“…Specifically, we examined its effects on degranulation, chemical mediator release, and expression of mRNAs such as COX-2 and cytokines, which are all involved in mouse ear swelling induced by the three sensitizers (Kujubu et al, 1991;Meurer et al, 1988;Rao et al, 1993;Zachariassen et al, 2017).…”

“…Furthermore, to verify the antiallergic effect of the purified compound in vivo, the purified compound was administered to mice to examine its ability to inhibit ear swelling induced by arachidonic acid (AA), 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA), and oxazolone (OXA). The mechanism of this suppressive effect was investigated by examining a number of reactions, cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 mRNA expression, cytokine mRNA expression such as interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)α, degranulation, and release of chemical mediators such as histamine, leukotrienes, and prostaglandins (PGs) (Kujubu et al, 1991;Meurer et al, 1988;Rao et al, 1993;Zachariassen et al, 2017). The strength of the antiallergic effect was compared to that of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), a typical natural inhibitor.…”

Opposite Effect of Phorbol Ester PMA on PTGS2 and PGDH mRNA Expression in Human Chorion Trophoblast Cells

“…In contrast to the response of PTGS2, PGDH mRNA was downregulated only at 8 hours after PMA, an effect that persisted at 24 hours. The early responsive nature of the PTGS2 gene 39 may explain its early induction compared with PGDH. However, an interesting explanation for the delay in PGDH response rises from recent findings of Tong and colleagues, 40 who reported a reciprocal regulation of PTGS2 and PGDH expression in A549 cells.They showed that interleukin (IL)-1β-induced PTGS2 upregulation was related to a reduction in PGDH expression.…”