Tissue Culture Applications for Plant Quarantine

Kahn, R. P.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-470285-1.50019-1

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Many authors have reviewed tissue culture applications in this regard (Majumdar, 1993;Parliman, 1986;Spiegel et al, 1993;Withers, 1988). Kahn (1979Kahn ( , 1986. Kahn and Mathur (1999) and Foster (1988) discussed the risks vs. benefits of exchanging germplasm between countries.…”

Section: Plant Germplasm In Vitromentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Seeds of several major North American crops, such as corn (Zea mays L.), cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.), wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), and sorghum [Sorgum bicolor (L.) Moench], are prohibited entry except by quarantine because of fungal or bacterial pathogens they may harbor internally (Kahn, 1979;Kahn and Mathur, 1999;Richardson, 1979). Many of these pathogens are not known to occur in North America and some are responsible for epidemics in other countries.…”

Section: Detect Pathogens On Accessions Of Rice Seedmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…fruits and potatoes (Solanum sp. ), received in the United States and Canada from many countries are infected with one or more of these pathogens (Table 2) (Kahn et al, 1979).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among the obvious benefits are reduced risks of moving pathogens and insects with the germplasm because the consignment is small, having originated from meristematic tips or buds, and because the aseptic plantlet system has some built-in pathogen detection capabilities. Cultures free of fungal or bacterial growth are free of pathogens except obligate parasites, such as rusts, viruses, and certain fastidious organisms (International Board for Plant Genetic Resources, 1988;Kahn, 1979Kahn, , 1986Kahn and Mathur, 1999). For these reasons, the quarantine regulations of some countries have been made less restrictive (Miller-Jones, 1986) when germplasm is imported in the form of tissue cultures (Ng et al, 1992;Withers, 1988).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Role of Plant Tissue Cultures in International Exchange and Quarantine of Germplasm in the United States and Canada

Salih¹,

Waterworth²,

Thompson³

2001

HortSci

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Very few of the crops grown in the United States or Canada today evolved in North America. Ancestors of today's crops were brought to North America as the continent was being colonized (Waterworth, 1993). Although we enjoy an abundance of food, fiber, and aesthetic products, our crops are plagued by many production problems, including insects, diseases, weeds, and lack of crop tolerance to drought or poor soil conditions. Some crops cannot be mechanically harvested, yield poorly, or their products are highly perishable. To deal with this broad range of adversities, thousands of plant scientists are developing new cultivars that address aspects of the above problems. Foreign germplasm containing beneficial genes continues to be an important need of many genetics and breeding programs (White and Waterworth, 1996). Regrettably, hundreds of different kinds of insects and pathogens that exist overseas, and that have not yet invaded North America, could easily be imported with plant materials from other countries (

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Section: Plant Germplasm In Vitromentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Detect Pathogens On Accessions Of Rice Seedmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…fruits and potatoes (Solanum sp. ), received in the United States and Canada from many countries are infected with one or more of these pathogens (Table 2) (Kahn et al, 1979).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Role of Plant Tissue Cultures in International Exchange and Quarantine of Germplasm in the United States and Canada

Salih¹,

Waterworth²,

Thompson³

2001

HortSci

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“…by shipping specific pathogen-free cultures capable of being multiplied at their final destination (see review by Kahn, 1979;Roca, Bryan & Roca, 1979). In spite of all this, some have felt that a few of the people to whom credit has been given here could equally well be censured for seemingly uncritically overlooking long-known problems and for prematurely and perhaps overenthusiastically exhorting routine commercial applicability. It is true that, although the aseptic culture procedures are ever increasingly being exploited, the techniques have not yet reached anywhere near the full potential prophesied years earlier.…”

Section: ( I ) General Comments and Terminologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Cloning Higher Plants From Aseptically Cultured Tissues and Cells

Krikorian

1982

Biological Reviews

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Summary 1. For a number of years considerable attention has been given both in the scientific and lay press to dramatic advances in the rapid clonal multiplication of plants by means of so‐called ‘modern’ tissue culture techniques. Because the words clone, cloning and tissue culture mean different things to different people, there is considerable confusion even among biologists as to what has actually been achieved. 2. An historical approach has been used to put the accomplishments into perspective. 3. Organ culture, tissue culture, cell or suspension culture and protoplast culture all offer varying degrees of potential for clonal multiplication but the most substantial progress has been made with explanted stem tips or lateral buds which can be stimulated to produce numerous precocious axillary branches. These, in turn, can be separated or subdivided and induced to root and thus yield populations of genetically and phenotypically uniform plantlets. 4. Similarly, undifferentiated calluses can sometimes be induced to form shoots and/or roots adventitiously. This method of stimulating organ development on callus is based on the now classic work of Skoog and Miller done in the I950s with the Wisconsin 38 strain of a ‘Havana’ cultivar of tobacco. Because of the growing criticism that when callus cultures are maintained for more than a few subcultures genetic or chromosomal aberrations are induced and these nullify the ultimate goal ‐ namely to get large numbers of genetically identical plants ‐ callus procedures are generally being relinquished in favour of precocious axillary branching methods. 5. The number of plantlets obtainable through the procedures with precocious axillary shoots or callus culture are fewer, in theory, than the number of plantlets obtainable from a somatic embryo system starting with cells grown in suspension culture. But the fact is that cell culture techniques required to produce somatic embryos are also demanding and very much in their infancy as far as their applicability to clonal multiplication is concerned. 6. Even so, slowly but steadily, advances are being made in learning how to stimulate formation of somatic or adventive embryos from totipotent cells grown in suspension culture. In cases where it has proven feasible, not only may somatic embryos be generated in great quantities, but their discrete bipolar nature often obviates the need for time‐consuming, laborious procedures to assure their success in a conventional soil or greenhouse setting. 7. While protoplast cultures are of very limited direct use for clonal propagation of higher plants, the procedures hold some hope as a vehicle whereby select useful genes can be introduced into plants. Parasexual hybridization, that is the production of hybrids by fusing totipotent protoplasts of different origin, offers no imminent prospects for the development of useful and novel plant types but may be applicable in the long term in very specific situations. 8. It is concluded that many problems exist in the producing and growing of totipo...

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Oil Palm Improvement via Tissue Culture

Krikorian¹,

Kann²

1986

Plant Breeding Reviews

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Tissue Culture Applications for Plant Quarantine

Cited by 5 publications

References 7 publications

Role of Plant Tissue Cultures in International Exchange and Quarantine of Germplasm in the United States and Canada

Role of Plant Tissue Cultures in International Exchange and Quarantine of Germplasm in the United States and Canada

Cloning Higher Plants From Aseptically Cultured Tissues and Cells

Oil Palm Improvement via Tissue Culture

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