Tissue Culture Nutrition

The nutrition of animal cells in vitro

“…All animal cells require a source of carbohydrate. T h e usual one is, of course, glucose but it has been shown that it can be replaced by both mannose and fructose (Morgan, 1958) and also trehalose, turanose and the glucose phosphates (Eagle, Barban, Levy & Shulze, 1958). Harris & Kutsky (1953) found that galactose was not effective as a carbohydrate source but Astrup, Fischer & Oehlenschlager (1947) and Eagle et al (1958) reported that it was partially effective.…”

“…However, two points may be emphasized. I n the first place, most long-term cell strains seem to have a very considerable requirement for glutamine, whereas many freshly isolated cells do not require this amino acid (Morgan, 1958;Eagle, 1958). It has been shown by DeMars (1958) that there may be an adaptive enzyme involved in the conversion of glutamic acid into glutamine and that inclusion of glutamine in the medium may inhibit the formation of this enzyme.…”

Metabolism of Animal Cells Infected With Mycoplasma

“…Information on the amino acid metabolism of cell cultures has been summarized recently by Morgan (1958), Eagle (1959), and Lucy (1960). With regard to the L strain of fibroblasts the cells of clone 929 take up some amino acids and accumulate others during maintenance in a defined medium (last two columns in Table 8, from Pasieka, Morton, and Morgan, 1958b).…”

THE AMINO ACID AND PROTEIN METABOLISM OF TISSUES CULTIVATED IN VITRO

“…A further important factor is that tissue culture is not a single technique but a collection of techniques, and, as a result, observations made with different methods may be in conflict if the biological material used can adapt itself to the environments of different experiments. The development of the various tissue culture methods has been reviewed by Parker (1950), Willmer (1958) and Paul (1959), while the application of bacteriological techniques to problems in tissue cell nutrition has been reviewed by Morgan (1958). In the following sections a survey is made of those methods that have been used in experiments on amino acid and protein metabolism.…”