“…Cuttings prepared from young conifer seedlings have frequently been used to study the processes Rooting gymnosperm shoots on tissue culture media involved in root induction (Smith & Thorpe, 1975 a, has been widely recognized to be both difficult to 6; Gronroos & von Arnold, 1987). Similarly, a achieve and unreliable (Minocha 1980; bioassay employing mung bean seedling cuttings Amerson, 1981;Amerson & Mott, 1982; Bornman, has been widely used to detect rooting factors and 1983;Abo El-Nil, 1987). Spontaneous rooting of cofactors ;Bassuk, Hunter cultured shoots without the aid of growth regulator & Howard, 1981).…”