Tissue-Engineered Skin Substitutes Using Collagen Scaffold with Amniotic Membrane Component

Abstract

Human skin substitutes are needed for implantation and wound repair based on the new concept of tissue engineering in combination with biomaterials and cell biological technology. However, failure sometimes occurs when the wound healing is delayed in vivo due to acute inflammation resulting from the early degradation of the transplanted biomaterials. Accordingly, the current study modified conventional biomaterials to overcome early degradation and strong inflammation. In a conventional skin substitute, the animal origin collagenous materials have a slight antigenicity as xenogenic materials, however, the modified method was able to obtain a low antigenicity and anti-inflammation effect using atelo-collagen and an amniotic component. The tyrosine content in the developed atelo-collagen, representing the antigenicity, was reduced from 0.590% to 0.046% based on an HPLC analysis. In addition, to reduce the inflammation and foreign material reaction, an amniotic component was applied to the atelo-collagen materials. While, to enhance the wound healing, the modified skin substitute was developed as a composite matrix of an atelo-collagen scaffold with an amniotic membrane component. A quantitative analysis of hEGF in the amniotic membrane was also performed using different processing methods. Finally, a tissueengineered skin substitute was constructed by cultivating skin cells in the collagen scaffold attached to an amniotic membrane.

Evaluation of an Amniotic Membrane-Collagen Dermal Substitute in the Management of Full-Thickness Skin Defects in a Pig

“…Antigenicity of the ATC solution The antigenicity of the purified ATC was evaluated through the analysis of its amino acid composition (Table 2). The percentage of tyrosine relative to the total amino acids was 0.12%, which was lower than that of a criterion for nonantigenic collagen (0.2%) [4].…”

“…The percentage of tyrosine relative to the total amino acids was 0.12%, which was lower than that of a criterion for nonantigenic collagen (0.2%) [4]. …”

Efficacy of human amniotic membrane and collagen in maxillofacial soft tissue defects – A comparative clinical study

“…To reduce the antigenicity and anti-inflammation and to enhance wound healing, the modified skin substitute was developed as a composite matrix of an atelo-collagen scaffold with an amniotic membrane component [30]. A study done by Loeffelbein et al demonstrates the successful application of human amniotic membrane (HAM) as part of a skin substitute in full thickness wounds in minipigs.…”