Tissue‐Engineered Vascular Grafts: Emerging Trends and Technologies

Gupta, Prerak; Mandal, Biman B.

doi:10.1002/adfm.202100027

Cited by 79 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 260 publications

(297 reference statements)

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“…While clinical application of ETVGs has been limited, years of testing has made it clear what characteristics an ETVG needs to maintain patency [ 18 ]. Successful vascular grafts require a non-thrombogenic luminal surface, robust mechanical properties, and the ability to remodel in vivo, and each of these requirements is affected by the presence of cells both during development and after implantation [ 19 – 21 ]. It is imperative that the seeding method used for such constructs be simple and efficient so the resulting engineered tissue can develop quickly and homogenously on the scaffold.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of perfusion-driven cell seeding of small diameter engineered tissue vascular grafts with a custom-designed seed-and-culture bioreactor

et al. 2022

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Tissue engineering commonly entails combining autologous cell sources with biocompatible scaffolds for the replacement of damaged tissues in the body. Scaffolds provide functional support while also providing an ideal environment for the growth of new tissues until host integration is complete. To expedite tissue development, cells need to be distributed evenly within the scaffold. For scaffolds with a small diameter tubular geometry, like those used for vascular tissue engineering, seeding cells evenly along the luminal surface can be especially challenging. Perfusion-based cell seeding methods have been shown to promote increased uniformity in initial cell distribution onto porous scaffolds for a variety of tissue engineering applications. We investigate the seeding efficiency of a custom-designed perfusion-based seed-and-culture bioreactor through comparisons to a static injection counterpart method and a more traditional drip seeding method. Murine vascular smooth muscle cells were seeded onto porous tubular electrospun polycaprolactone scaffolds, 2 mm in diameter and 30 mm in length, using the three methods, and allowed to rest for 24 hours. Once harvested, scaffolds were evaluated longitudinally and circumferentially to assess the presence of viable cells using alamarBlue and live/dead cell assays and their distribution with immunohistochemistry and scanning electron microscopy. On average, bioreactor-mediated perfusion seeding achieved 35% more luminal surface coverage when compared to static methods. Viability assessment demonstrated that the total number of viable cells achieved across methods was comparable with slight advantage to the bioreactor-mediated perfusion-seeding method. The method described is a simple, low-cost method to consistently obtain even distribution of seeded cells onto the luminal surfaces of small diameter tubular scaffolds.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of perfusion-driven cell seeding of small diameter engineered tissue vascular grafts with a custom-designed seed-and-culture bioreactor

et al. 2022

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“… 156 These genes include VEGF, iNOS (inducible NO synthase), TIMP-1 (tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1), and ERK2 (mitogen-activated protein kinase 1) silencing RNA. A review of these strategies in extensive detail by Gupta and Mandal 157 is available. Although some of these methods demonstrated promising results in animal models, none of them have yet been confirmed by clinical studies.…”

Section: Current and Future Research Avenuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioengineering Human Tissues and the Future of Vascular Replacement

Naegeli

Kural

et al. 2022

Circulation Research

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Cardiovascular defects, injuries, and degenerative diseases often require surgical intervention and the use of implantable replacement material and conduits. Traditional vascular grafts made of synthetic polymers, animal and cadaveric tissues, or autologous vasculature have been utilized for almost a century with well-characterized outcomes, leaving areas of unmet need for the patients in terms of durability and long-term patency, susceptibility to infection, immunogenicity associated with the risk of rejection, and inflammation and mechanical failure. Research to address these limitations is exploring avenues as diverse as gene therapy, cell therapy, cell reprogramming, and bioengineering of human tissue and replacement organs. Tissue-engineered vascular conduits, either with viable autologous cells or decellularized, are the forefront of technology in cardiovascular reconstruction and offer many benefits over traditional graft materials, particularly in the potential for the implanted material to be adopted and remodeled into host tissue and thus offer safer, more durable performance. This review discusses the key advances and future directions in the field of surgical vascular repair, replacement, and reconstruction, with a focus on the challenges and expected benefits of bioengineering human tissues and blood vessels.

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“…[116] Although autologous tissue is commonly used in surgical bypass surgery, the shortcomings, such as poor quality in old patients, low patency rates after surgeries, and unavailability due to the previous harvest, seriously affect the treatment of patients. [117] In this scenario, other viable options for clinicians are synthetic polytetrafluoroethylene and polyethylene terephthalate grafts. However, they are limited to be used in small-diameter vascular (inner diameter > 6 mm) because of thrombosis and stenosis.…”

Section: Vascular Graftsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combination of 3D Printing and Electrospinning Techniques for Biofabrication

Fazal

Wang

Radacsi

2022

Adv Materials Technologies

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This review presents the different combination methods of 3D printing and electrospinning processes and discusses the advantages of each method. Also, the applications of products of the hybrid process in the biomedical field, including tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, are thoroughly discussed. 3D printing and electrospinning are separate approaches for generating structured materials in a variety of biomedical applications. However, some shortfalls, such as the low resolution of 3D printing and uncontrollable shape of electrospun products, limits their application performances. Therefore, new ideas that combine 3D printing and electrospinning methods are proposed to give full play to their strengths and mitigate their weaknesses, which provide an effective and powerful platform for fabricating novel structural materials. Finally, a future vision regarding challenges and perspectives in the combination of 3D printing and electrospinning techniques is proposed.

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Tissue‐Engineered Vascular Grafts: Emerging Trends and Technologies

Cited by 79 publications

References 260 publications

Evaluation of perfusion-driven cell seeding of small diameter engineered tissue vascular grafts with a custom-designed seed-and-culture bioreactor

Evaluation of perfusion-driven cell seeding of small diameter engineered tissue vascular grafts with a custom-designed seed-and-culture bioreactor

Bioengineering Human Tissues and the Future of Vascular Replacement

Combination of 3D Printing and Electrospinning Techniques for Biofabrication

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