Tissue Engineering Strategies for Auricular Reconstruction

Schroeder, Michael J.

doi:10.1097/scs.0000000000003753

Cited by 12 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…Finally, although statistical differences were observed, they still arose only in the context of two cohorts of five rats each, and this study was not specifically powered to detect differences between the groups. Overall, vascularization was detected both grossly and histologically in each of the seeded and unseeded scaffolds, and we believe this level of vascularization is likely to improve overlying soft tissue quality when compared to the high‐density nature of PPE 16,17 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Hybrid Three‐Dimensional–Printed Ear Tissue Scaffold With Autologous Cartilage Mitigates Soft Tissue Complications

et al. 2020

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Objectives/Hypothesis To analyze the use of highly translatable three‐dimensional (3D)–printed auricular scaffolds with and without novel cartilage tissue inserts in a rodent model. Study Design Preclinical rodent animal model. Methods This prospective study assessed a single‐stage 3D‐printed auricular bioscaffold with or without porcine cartilage tissue inserts in an athymic rodent model. Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine computed tomography images of a human auricle were segmented to create an external anatomic envelope filled with orthogonally interconnected spherical pores. Scaffolds with and without tissue inset sites were 3D printed by laser sintering bioresorbable polycaprolactone, then implanted subcutaneously in five rats for each group. Results Ten athymic rats were studied to a goal of 24 weeks postoperatively. Precise anatomic similarity and scaffold integrity were maintained in both scaffold conditions throughout experimentation with grossly visible tissue ingrowth and angiogenesis upon explantation. Cartilage‐seeded scaffolds had relatively lower rates of nonsurgical site complications compared to unseeded scaffolds with relatively increased surgical site ulceration, though neither met statistical significance. Histology revealed robust soft tissue infiltration and vascularization in both seeded and unseeded scaffolds, and demonstrated impressive maintenance of viable cartilage in cartilage‐seeded scaffolds. Radiology confirmed soft tissue infiltration in all scaffolds, and biomechanical modeling suggested amelioration of stress in scaffolds implanted with cartilage. Conclusions A hybrid approach incorporating cartilage insets into 3D‐printed bioscaffolds suggests enhanced clinical and histological outcomes. These data demonstrate the potential to integrate point‐of‐care tissue engineering techniques into 3D printing to generate alternatives to current reconstructive surgery techniques and avoid the demands of traditional tissue engineering. Level of Evidence NA Laryngoscope, 131:1008–1015, 2021

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Hybrid Three‐Dimensional–Printed Ear Tissue Scaffold With Autologous Cartilage Mitigates Soft Tissue Complications

et al. 2020

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“…The rapid development of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine technology has provided new strategies for auricular reconstruction ( Cervantes et al, 2013 ; Kang et al, 2016 ; Schroeder and Lloyd, 2017 ; Wiggenhauser et al, 2017 ; Jang et al, 2020 ). Morphological cartilage of human auricular tissue has been successfully regenerated using a PGA/PLA scaffold, and the first clinical breakthrough was achieved ( Cao et al, 1997 ; Zhou et al, 2018 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immune-Inflammatory Responses of an Acellular Cartilage Matrix Biomimetic Scaffold in a Xenotransplantation Goat Model for Cartilage Tissue Engineering

Jia

Zhang

et al. 2021

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

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The rapid development of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine has introduced a new strategy for ear reconstruction, successfully regenerating human-ear-shaped cartilage and achieving the first clinical breakthrough using a polyglycolic acid/polylactic acid (PGA/PLA) scaffold. However, its clinical repair varies greatly among individuals, and the quality of regenerated cartilage is unstable, which seriously limits further clinical application. Acellular cartilage matrix (ACM), with a cartilage-specific microenvironment, good biocompatibility, and potential to promote cell proliferation, has been used to regenerate homogeneous ear-shaped cartilage in immunocompromised nude mice. However, there is no evidence on whether ACM will regenerate homogeneous cartilage tissue in large animals or has the potential for clinical transformation. In this study, xenogeneic ACM assisted with gelatin (GT) with or without autologous chondrocytes was implanted subcutaneously into goats to establish a xenotransplantation model and compared with a PGA/PLA scaffold to evaluate the immune-inflammatory response and quality of regenerated cartilage. The results confirmed the superiority of the ACM/GT, which has the potential capacity to promote cell proliferation and cartilage formation. Although there is a slight immune-inflammatory response in large animals, it does not affect the quality of the regenerated cartilage and forms homogeneous and mature cartilage. The current study provides detailed insights into the immune-inflammatory response of the xenogeneic ACM/GT and also provides scientific evidence for future clinical application of ACM/GT in cartilage tissue engineering.

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“…In this context, special attention has been paid to hyaline cartilage research, whose pathologies are more frequent and prevalent, with the fibrocartilage and especially the elastic cartilage being less studied or characterized [ 20 , 23 , 25 , 49 ]. Concerning elastic cartilage TE, researchers are mainly focused on the generation of different kind of substitutes for auricular repair or replacement [ 10 , 52 , 53 ]. Through the use of the pellet technique, the aggregation and ECM synthesis capability of elastic chondrocytes was demonstrated [ 54 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ex Vivo Generation and Characterization of Human Hyaline and Elastic Cartilaginous Microtissues for Tissue Engineering Applications

et al. 2021

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Considering the high prevalence of cartilage-associated pathologies, low self-repair capacity and limitations of current repair techniques, tissue engineering (TE) strategies have emerged as a promising alternative in this field. Three-dimensional culture techniques have gained attention in recent years, showing their ability to provide the most biomimetic environment for the cells under culture conditions, enabling the cells to fabricate natural, 3D functional microtissues (MTs). In this sense, the aim of this study was to generate, characterize and compare scaffold-free human hyaline and elastic cartilage-derived MTs (HC-MTs and EC-MTs, respectively) under expansion (EM) and chondrogenic media (CM). MTs were generated by using agarose microchips and evaluated ex vivo for 28 days. The MTs generated were subjected to morphometric assessment and cell viability, metabolic activity and histological analyses. Results suggest that the use of CM improves the biomimicry of the MTs obtained in terms of morphology, viability and extracellular matrix (ECM) synthesis with respect to the use of EM. Moreover, the overall results indicate a faster and more sensitive response of the EC-derived cells to the use of CM as compared to HC chondrocytes. Finally, future preclinical in vivo studies are still needed to determine the potential clinical usefulness of these novel advanced therapy products.

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Tissue Engineering Strategies for Auricular Reconstruction

Cited by 12 publications

References 55 publications

Hybrid Three‐Dimensional–Printed Ear Tissue Scaffold With Autologous Cartilage Mitigates Soft Tissue Complications

Hybrid Three‐Dimensional–Printed Ear Tissue Scaffold With Autologous Cartilage Mitigates Soft Tissue Complications

Immune-Inflammatory Responses of an Acellular Cartilage Matrix Biomimetic Scaffold in a Xenotransplantation Goat Model for Cartilage Tissue Engineering

Ex Vivo Generation and Characterization of Human Hyaline and Elastic Cartilaginous Microtissues for Tissue Engineering Applications

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