Tissue Engineering Through 3D Bioprinting to Recreate and Study Bone Disease

Abstract

The applications of 3D bioprinting are becoming more commonplace. Since the advent of tissue engineering, bone has received much attention for the ability to engineer normal bone for tissue engraftment or replacement. While there are still debates on what materials comprise the most durable and natural replacement of normal tissue, little attention is given to recreating diseased states within the bone. With a better understanding of the cellular pathophysiology associated with the more common bone diseases, these diseases can be scaled down to a more throughput way to test therapies that can reverse the cellular pathophysiology. In this review, we will discuss the potential of 3D bioprinting of bone tissue in the following disease states: osteoporosis, Paget’s disease, heterotopic ossification, osteosarcoma, osteogenesis imperfecta, and rickets disease. The development of these 3D bioprinted models will allow for the advancement of novel therapy testing resulting in possible relief to these chronic diseases.

Electrospun Biomimetic Nanofibrous Scaffolds: A Promising Prospect for Bone Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine

“…The bone marrow structure also provides hematopoiesis and essential mineral materials [ 5 , 6 ]. Bone-related diseases such as osteoporosis, bone cancer, and bone infection have become a significant concern for modern communities as the prevalence of these diseases has increased [ 7 ]. Most of the bone fractures are caused by inconvenient or ineffective bone tissue restoration.…”

Applications of Biotechnology to the Craniofacial Complex: A Critical Review

“…When compared to alternative tissue-regeneration methods, 3D printing enables rather precise control over various tissues. The construction of 3D structures is based on the accumulation of 2D structures, and hence, 3D printing has its own set of limits [ 36 , 37 ].…”

Three-Dimensional Bioprinting Applications for Bone Tissue Engineering

“…Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting describes the use of 3D additive manufacturing techniques aimed to integrate biological materials, such as cells, growth factors, and other biochemicals and biomaterials, into a multi-layer composite using high-precision printing technologies that can mimic the structures of target tissues [1,2]. This allows for the reproducible automated production of functional living tissues.…”

“…Some of the highlighted difficulties are around the problems of absorption and reabsorption of the graft material and the risk of infection associated with the procedures. To address these problems, different mixtures of cells, scaffold materials, and bioink materials have been proposed and are being studied further to produce mechanically strong, biocompatible, and durable graft properties capable of achieving the goals required for bone repair [1,4].…”