Tissue factor as a new target for tumor therapy—killing two birds with one stone: a narrative review

Abstract

Background and Objective: Cancer is an important disease and can occur anywhere in the body. It is caused by uncontrolled cell growth that spreads to other body parts. This study extensively investigated the transmembrane receptor tissue factor (TF), which is the key motivator of the clotting cascade and plays an essential role in cancer-associated coagulation. TF is considered to be aberrantly expressed in various tumors and appears to promote tumor angiogenesis and metastasis. Therefore, this study was performed to explain the pathological characteristics of TF expression and to discuss future cancer therapies that target TF. Methods:We extensively reviewed the literature on TF published in PubMed, and discussed the effect of TF on tumor progression and TF-targeted therapeutics.

Calotropis procera: A double edged sword against glioblastoma, inhibiting glioblastoma cell line growth by targeting histone deacetylases (HDAC) and angiogenesis

“…One study has reported higher TF expression in glioblastoma in tumor biopsies obtained from patients [ 54 ]. It is now well-known that tissue factor, aside from its function as a procoagulant activator, plays a significant role in various tumor-associated mechanisms, including angiogenesis [ 55 ] and also it is suggested that, therapeutics that specifically target transcription factors may have wide clinical applications in tumor treatment [ 56 ]. These proteins can be evaluated as efficient anticancer target for other solid cancers.…”

The Crossroads of the Coagulation System and the Immune System: Interactions and Connections

“…The formation of blood clots can provide a physical scaffold for the migration of cancer cells and facilitate their spread to distant organs. Coagulation factors such as fibrin may promote cancer cell survival and protect them from immune surveillance [ 68 , 244 , 245 , 246 ].…”

Antibody–Drug Conjugates: Ushering in a New Era of Cancer Therapy

“…Tisotumab vedotin is an ADC directed against tissue factor, with a cleavable linker and DM4 payload [ 79 ]. Tissue factor is physiologically expressed on adventitial cells and released after endothelial injury; however, it is also pathologically over-expressed on the surface of tumour cells and endothelial cells in various cancers, including pancreatic cancer, cervical cancer, sarcoma, lung cancer, triple-negative breast cancer, and acute lymphocytic leukaemia [ 100 ]. A phase II single-arm trial of tisotumab vedotin in patients with disease progression on or after doublet chemotherapy with bevacizumab demonstrated an ORR of 24%, median PFS of 4.2 months, and median overall survival of 12.1 months [ 79 ].…”