Tissue Integration and Biological Cellular Response of SLM-Manufactured Titanium Scaffolds

Large bone defects remain a clinical challenge because they do not heal spontaneously. 3-D printed scaffolds are a promising treatment option for such critical defects. Recent scaffold design strategies have made use of computer modelling techniques to optimize scaffold design. In particular, scaffold geometries have been optimized to avoid mechanical failure and recently also to provide a distinct mechanical stimulation to cells within the scaffold pores. This way, mechanical strain levels are optimized to favour the bone tissue formation. However, bone regeneration is a highly dynamic process where the mechanical conditions immediately after surgery might not ensure optimal regeneration throughout healing. Here, we investigated in silico whether scaffolds presenting optimal mechanical conditions for bone regeneration immediately after surgery also present an optimal design for the full regeneration process. A computer framework, combining an automatic parametric scaffold design generation with a mechano-biological bone regeneration model, was developed to predict the level of regenerated bone volume for a large range of scaffold designs and to compare it with the scaffold pore volume fraction under favourable mechanical stimuli immediately after surgery. We found that many scaffold designs could be considered as highly beneficial for bone healing immediately after surgery; however, most of them did not show optimal bone formation in later regenerative phases. This study allowed to gain a more thorough understanding of the effect of scaffold geometry changes on bone regeneration and how to maximize regenerated bone volume in the long term.

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“… 2020 ; Băbţan et al. 2020 ), and ideal porosities ranged from approximately 70 to 90% in various studies (Shah et al. 2016 ; Băbţan et al.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Our results are in agreement with experimental data: pores bigger than ca. 300 μm were shown to achieve good bone regeneration outcome (Zadpoor 2015;Abbasi et al 2020;Băbţan et al 2020), and ideal porosities ranged from approximately 70 to 90% in various studies (Shah et al 2016;Băbţan et al 2020;Zheng et al 2020).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Initial mechanical conditions within an optimized bone scaffold do not ensure bone regeneration – an in silico analysis

Perier-Metz

Duda

Checa

2021

Biomech Model Mechanobiol

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“…Several authors reported that the crown marginal gap should not exceed 120 µm for clinical acceptance [17][18][19]. Comparative studies showed different results for the same material used for the manufacturing of different frameworks in terms of design, shapes, and size [20,21].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Comparative studies reported different results regarding the use of the same material [20] for the fabrication of frameworks with various designs, shapes, and lengths [21,22]. The geometric discrepancies of frameworks fabricated using machining process were influenced by the accuracy in sintering contraction of pre-sintered alloys [23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Casting over Metal Method Used in Manufacturing Hybrid Cobalt-Chromium Dental Prosthetic Frameworks Assembles

et al. 2021

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Cobalt–chromium (Co–Cr) alloys are the most widely used materials for removable and fixed dental prosthetic frameworks. The fitting accuracy between these components in dental prosthetic frameworks assembles (DPFAs) is largely influenced by the manufacturing method. This study presents a novel manufacturing method that combined two common techniques for obtaining one single framework: casting of Co–Cr inserts on top of parts previously manufactured by selective laser melting (SLM) of Co–Cr powder (CoM). Horizontal (n = 4) and vertical (n = 3) surfaces were microscopically analyzed (n = 770 count sum). The results revealed a high precision of the process and high fitting accuracy between the hybrid frameworks. The average distance measured between the frameworks in joined position was 41.08 ± 7.56 µm. In conclusion, the manufacturing of Co–Cr alloys DPFA using the CoM method reduced the deformation of hybrid frameworks and improved the joining accuracy between them.

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“…The purpose of this study was to systematically explore the effect of the L-PBF process parameters (laser power, scanning speed, powder layer thickness, and scanning distance) on the microstructure and compression performance of porous Ta scaffolds with 80% porosity (60-80% approaches the natural bone elasticity modulus) based on a diamond structure statistically [23]. This study can provide a reference for L-PBF process parameter optimization to obtain porous Ta scaffolds with a higher relative density and better mechanical properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of Laser Powder Bed Fusion Process for Forming Porous Ta Scaffold

Gao,

Wang,

Qin

et al. 2023

Metals

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To improve the performance of porous tantalum (Ta) manufactured by laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) and meet its application requirements in medicine, the authors of this paper studied the influence of L-PBF process parameters on the strut surface morphology and mechanical performance. It was found that the powder layer thickness had a significant influence on the microstructure and mechanical properties based on statistical analysis. We proposed optimal process parameters of laser power of 150 W, scanning speed of 270 mm/s, thickness of 0.05 mm, and scanning spacing of 0.07 mm. After parameter optimization, we successfully obtained Ta samples with an elastic modulus of 1.352 ± 0.007 GPa and yield strength of 53.217 ± 0.114 MPa. The results show that the elastic modulus and yield strength of porous Ta samples with a porosity of 80% under the optimal process parameters are significantly superior to previous studies. The porous Ta scaffolds with higher mechanical properties fabricated with the optimized process parameters of L-PBF have significant value for applications in medicine.

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Tissue Integration and Biological Cellular Response of SLM-Manufactured Titanium Scaffolds

Cited by 10 publications

References 111 publications

Initial mechanical conditions within an optimized bone scaffold do not ensure bone regeneration – an in silico analysis

Initial mechanical conditions within an optimized bone scaffold do not ensure bone regeneration – an in silico analysis

Casting over Metal Method Used in Manufacturing Hybrid Cobalt-Chromium Dental Prosthetic Frameworks Assembles

Optimization of Laser Powder Bed Fusion Process for Forming Porous Ta Scaffold

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