Tissue ionome response to rhizosphere pH and aluminum in tea plants (<i>Camellia sinensis</i> L.), a species adapted to acidic soils

Yamashita, Hiroto; Fukuda, Yusuke; Yonezawa, Shiori; Morita, Akio; Ikka, Takashi

doi:10.1002/pei3.10028

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…It has long been known that tea plants can accumulate and tolerate higher concentrations of Al compared to many other plant species [ 12 , 17 , 55 ], and that this characteristic is determined in part by large scale transcriptional changes in response to Al exposure, which include genes involved in Al transport and sequestration, biosynthesis and secretion of organic acids, and modification to the cell wall [ 12 , 13 ]. It is also well known that metal responses are interactive and typically affect other metals, such that changes in the availability and plant accumulation of one metal, such as Al, typically alters the behavior of other metals and mineral nutrients.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These indirect effects of Al and H + toxicity provide further plant stress, by evoking subsequent oxidative stresses and triggering cell death [ 8 , 11 ]. While most major crops display significant sensitivity to acidic soils, tea plants can grow normally on most acidic soils containing higher concentrations of Al, without any obvious rhizotoxicity symptoms [ 4 , 12 , 13 ]. So far, at least two broad resistance mechanisms involving external or internal detoxification have been proposed to explain most plant adaptive responses to Al toxicity [ 6 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Organic acids are also used for internal tolerance mechanisms, whereby Al-organic acid complexes accumulate in the root symplasm and then facilitate the partitioning of Al into older shoot tissues for storage in a non-toxic form. In addition, tea plants are Al hyperaccumulators that can tolerate these acidic, high Al conditions due to their ability to accumulate high amounts of Al, such that Al concentrations in older leaves are typically 100-fold higher (e.g., ~ 30,000 mg kg − 1 ) than in leaves of two of the most Al-tolerant monocot plants, rice and common buckwheat, and which in turn are approximately 2–7 times more Al-tolerant than wheat, sorghum, or maize [ 10 , 12 , 13 ]. Tea plants are able to hyperaccumulate high concentrations of Al in part due to the ability to maintain and even enhance root growth in the presence of Al, to allow mobile forms of Al to be translocated into aerial tissues, and having enhanced leaf anti-oxidant processes [ 9 , 10 , 12 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tea plant roots respond to aluminum-induced mineral nutrient imbalances by transcriptional regulation of multiple cation and anion transporters

Hao

Peng

et al. 2022

BMC Plant Biol

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Background Tea is one of the most popular non-alcoholic beverages in the world for its flavors and numerous health benefits. The tea tree (Camellia sinensis L.) is a well-known aluminum (Al) hyperaccumulator. However, it is not fully understood how tea plants have adapted to tolerate high concentrations of Al, which causes an imbalance of mineral nutrition in the roots. Results Here, we combined ionomic and transcriptomic profiling alongside biochemical characterization, to probe the changes of metal nutrients and Al responsive genes in tea roots grown under increasing concentrations of Al. It was found that a low level of Al (~ 0.4 mM) maintains proper nutrient balance, whereas a higher Al concentration (2.5 mM) compromised tea plants by altering micro- and macro-nutrient accumulation into roots, including a decrease in calcium (Ca), manganese (Mn), and magnesium (Mg) and an increase in iron (Fe), which corresponded with oxidative stress, cellular damage, and retarded root growth. Transcriptome analysis revealed more than 1000 transporter genes that were significantly changed in expression upon Al exposure compared to control (no Al) treatments. These included transporters related to Ca and Fe uptake and translocation, while genes required for N, P, and S nutrition in roots did not significantly alter. Transporters related to organic acid secretion, together with other putative Al-tolerance genes also significantly changed in response to Al. Two of these transporters, CsALMT1 and CsALS8, were functionally tested by yeast heterologous expression and confirmed to provide Al tolerance. Conclusion This study shows that tea plant roots respond to high Al-induced mineral nutrient imbalances by transcriptional regulation of both cation and anion transporters, and therefore provides new insights into Al tolerance mechanism of tea plants. The altered transporter gene expression profiles partly explain the imbalanced metal ion accumulation that occurred in the Al-stressed roots, while increases to organic acid and Al tolerance gene expression partly explains the ability of tea plants to be able to grow in high Al containing soils. The improved transcriptomic understanding of Al exposure gained here has highlighted potential gene targets for breeding or genetic engineering approaches to develop safer tea products.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tea plant roots respond to aluminum-induced mineral nutrient imbalances by transcriptional regulation of multiple cation and anion transporters

Hao

Peng

et al. 2022

BMC Plant Biol

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“…Nitrification will also lead to soil acidification. The proper pH for tea growth is about 4.2 [14], and, when the pH is less than 3.8, or higher than 5.0, it is not conducive for tea tree growth. NH 4 + -based fertilizers, such as ammonium bicarbonate and urea, can help prevent rapid nitrification, and improve the nitrogen use efficiency and yield of tea [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Appropriate Nitrogen Form and Application Rate Can Improve Yield and Quality of Autumn Tea with Drip Irrigation

Huang

Wang

Li³

et al. 2023

Agronomy

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Applying nitrogen fertilization is an important way to improve the yield and quality of autumn tea (Camellia sinensis L.), but the effects of nitrogen application rate and nitrogen form still remain unclear. Field experiments were conducted in a drip-irrigated tea garden in Rizhao City, China in 2020 and 2021. The effects of nitrogen application levels (N: 0 kg·hm−2, CK; N: 45 kg·hm−2, U1; 75 kg·hm−2, U2; and 105 kg·hm−2, U3) and nitrogen application forms (ammonium bicarbonate, AB; ammonium bicarbonate + urea, UAB; and urea, U) on soil moisture, as well as nitrogen spatiotemporal change, and autumn tea yield and quality, were studied. Results showed that applying ammonium bicarbonate or urea through a drip irrigation system can significantly increase the tea plant evapotranspiration and the autumn tea yield and quality (including free amino acids and tea polyphenols). With the same nitrogen application, the urea fertilization treatment had the higher ammonium nitrogen content within the 0–60 cm soil layer. The application form of nitrogen fertilizer had a significant impact on the yield of autumn tea, and the yield increasing ability was U > UAB > AB. The partial factor productivity of applied nitrogen under the AB treatment was the lowest. The yield-increasing effect of nitrogen fertilizer can be observed only 16–18 days after topdressing through the drip irrigation system. In 2020 and 2021, the yield of autumn tea under the U3 treatment increased by 40.6% and 23.0%, respectively, compared with the CK treatment. In conclusion, the topdressing with urea 105 kg·hm−2 with drip irrigation for tea plants in autumn is recommended. This recommendation will provide a theoretical basis for efficient irrigation and yield increase in tea gardens.

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“…In the absence of Al 3+ , the original root was hardly growing further and almost no new root appeared in the existing root, and the cell differentiation in the root meristem was decreased rapidly, leading to the root stopping growing. Thus, Al is a beneficial macroelement for tea plants, , and a study even indicated that Al is an essential element for tea plants . The concentration of Al suitable for the growth of tea plant roots can be as high as ≥2 mM. ,, However, the root length of Arabidopsis thaliana was inhibited in the presence of 20 μM Al 3+ .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flavonol–Aluminum Complex Formation: Enhancing Aluminum Accumulation in Tea Plants

Jiang

Kong

et al. 2022

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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Polyphenol-rich tea plants are aluminum (Al) accumulators. Whether an association exists between polyphenols and Al accumulation in tea plants remains unclear. This study revealed that the accumulation of the total Al and bound Al contents were both higher in tea samples with high flavonol content than in low, and Al accumulation in tea plants was significantly and positively correlated with their flavonol content. Furthermore, the capability of flavonols combined with Al was higher than that of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and root proanthocyanidins (PAs) under identical conditions. Flavonol–Al complexes signals (94 ppm) were detected in the tender roots and old leaves of tea plants through solid-state 27Al nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) imaging, and the strength of the signals in the high flavonol content tea samples was considerably stronger than that in the low flavonol content tea samples. This study provides a new perspective for studying Al accumulation in different tea varieties.

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Tissue ionome response to rhizosphere pH and aluminum in tea plants (Camellia sinensis L.), a species adapted to acidic soils

Cited by 9 publications

References 52 publications

Tea plant roots respond to aluminum-induced mineral nutrient imbalances by transcriptional regulation of multiple cation and anion transporters

Tea plant roots respond to aluminum-induced mineral nutrient imbalances by transcriptional regulation of multiple cation and anion transporters

Appropriate Nitrogen Form and Application Rate Can Improve Yield and Quality of Autumn Tea with Drip Irrigation

Flavonol–Aluminum Complex Formation: Enhancing Aluminum Accumulation in Tea Plants

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