1978
DOI: 10.1118/1.594483
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Tissue mimicking materials for ultrasound phantoms

Abstract: Up until now, no material has been found whose attenuation and speed of sound properties not only mimic those of human soft tissue, but are controllable in magnitude. We have discovered such a material in the form of water-based pharmaceutical gels containing uniform distributions of graphite powder and known concentrations of alcohol. The magnitude of the attenuation coefficient can be controlled easily between 0.2 and 1.5 dB/cm at 1 MHz, by varying the concentration of graphite. These attenuation coefficient… Show more

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Cited by 339 publications
(160 citation statements)
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“…It contains tissue-mimicking material made of a water-based gel with a uniform distribution of graphite powder to control the attenuation. 9 The attenuation and speed of sound of the tissue-mimicking material are similar to those of liver tissue. The attenuation coeffi· cient is 0.5 dBfcm at 1 MHz and is proportional to the ultrasonic frequency.…”
Section: Description Of the Phantommentioning
confidence: 65%
“…It contains tissue-mimicking material made of a water-based gel with a uniform distribution of graphite powder to control the attenuation. 9 The attenuation and speed of sound of the tissue-mimicking material are similar to those of liver tissue. The attenuation coeffi· cient is 0.5 dBfcm at 1 MHz and is proportional to the ultrasonic frequency.…”
Section: Description Of the Phantommentioning
confidence: 65%
“…Thus, the same parameter values were used for all simulations-the value at a frequency of 3.0 MHz, the frequency used in the steady-state simulation. The parameters in table 1 are taken from work reported by E. L. madsen et al and are representative of the tissue parameters found in young, premenopausal women [12][13][14][15][16]. In these women the difference in the parameter values of fat and glandular tissues is more pronounced than in postmenopausal women.…”
Section: -D Breast Modelmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Mode conversion to shear waves at material boundaries is modeled as part of the loss mechanism for longitudinal waves [12,13]. It is commonly assumed that the breast behaves as an ideal fluid [14][15][16][17]. This is reasonable since the shear wave speed is small and attenuation is large relative to longitudinal wave speed and attenuation [12][13][14].…”
Section: Fdtd Simulation Techniquementioning
confidence: 99%
“…These ingredients were based on a phantom also published previously [13]. The ingredients for this phantom are listed in Table II.…”
Section: A Phantomsmentioning
confidence: 99%