1952
DOI: 10.1056/nejm195202142460704
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Tissue Necrosis Following Subcutaneous Infiltration with Nor-Epinephrine

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Cited by 39 publications
(17 citation statements)
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“…Cannulation practices contributing to extravasation injury include inadvertent puncture of a vein proximal to the site of injury, use of unstable catheters, use of a catheter larger than the vein size, use of a site near joint flexion, and catheter malfunction. 9,10 Use of a metal catheter can double the risk of infiltration compared with a polyethylene catheter because puncture of the proximal vein wall is more likely. 11 Multiple patient-specific risk factors have been identified in case series and retrospective reviews (Table 2).…”
Section: Definitions Classifications Of Injury and Risk Factors Formentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…Cannulation practices contributing to extravasation injury include inadvertent puncture of a vein proximal to the site of injury, use of unstable catheters, use of a catheter larger than the vein size, use of a site near joint flexion, and catheter malfunction. 9,10 Use of a metal catheter can double the risk of infiltration compared with a polyethylene catheter because puncture of the proximal vein wall is more likely. 11 Multiple patient-specific risk factors have been identified in case series and retrospective reviews (Table 2).…”
Section: Definitions Classifications Of Injury and Risk Factors Formentioning
confidence: 99%
“…16 Risk factors for vasopressor necrosis include presence of vasculopathy, preexisting hypotension, diabetic neuropathy, Raynaud disease, coagulopathy, advanced age, and altered mental status. 10,17,18 Local venous anatomy remains an important variable as well, with higher frequencies of extravasation reported in areas with smaller veins or slower circulation such as the antecubital fossa of the wrist or the saphenous vein of the ankle. 9,10,16,18 Larger veins provide adequate dilution of the vasopressor and are less likely to spasm.…”
Section: Vasopressorsmentioning
confidence: 99%
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