Tissue Signatures with Dual-Energy Computed Tomography

Gd, Chiro; Ra, Brooks; Rm, Kessler; Gs, Johnston; Ae, Jones; Herdt,; Wt, Sheridan

doi:10.1148/131.2.521

Cited by 155 publications

(76 citation statements)

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“…Characterization of tissue and materials using dual-energy CT was first described in the late 1970s when CT technology was still in its infancy [1,2]. The technique was not adapted widely for clinical use except for bone densitometry [3] due to immature CT technology.…”

Section: Dual-energy Ct; Genitourinary Imaging; Iodine-subtraction Immentioning

confidence: 99%

Dual-Energy CT Iodine-Subtraction Virtual Unenhanced Technique to Detect Urinary Stones in an Iodine-Filled Collecting System: A Phantom Study

Takahashi

Hartman

Vrtiska

et al. 2008

American Journal of Roentgenology

120

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OBJECTIVE-The objective of our study was to evaluate the feasibility of virtual unenhanced images reconstructed from a dual-energy CT scan to depict urinary stones in an iodine solution in a phantom study. MATERIALS AND METHODS-Twentyurinary stones of different sizes (1.4-4.2 mm in shortaxis diameter) were placed in plastic containers. The containers were consecutively filled with different concentrations of iodine solution (21, 43, 64, 85, and 107 mg/dL; CT attenuation value range, 510-2,310 H at 120 kVp). Dual-energy CT was repeated with 80-140 and 100-140 kVp pairs, two collimation-slice thickness combinations, and the presence or absence of a 4-cm-thick oil gel around the phantom. The iodine-subtraction virtual unenhanced images were reconstructed using commercial software. The images were evaluated by three radiologists in consensus for the visibility of the stones and the presence of residual nonsubtracted iodine. Stone visibility rates were compared between the 80-140 and 100-140 kVp pairs and the five different iodine concentrations.RESULTS-Stone visibility rates with the 80-140 kVp pair were 99%, 93%, 96%, 94%, and 3% and those with the 100-140 kVp pair were 98%, 95%, 99%, 94%, and 99% for an iodine concentration of 21, 43, 64, 85, and 107 mg/dL, respectively. The poor visibility rate with 80-140 kVp and 107 mg/dL iodine concentration was due to the failure of iodine subtraction.CONCLUSION-Dual-energy CT iodine-subtraction virtual unenhanced technique is capable of depicting urinary stones in iodine solutions of a diverse range of concentrations in a phantom study. Keywords dual-energy CT; genitourinary imaging; iodine-subtraction imaging technique; reconstructed images; urinary stonesCharacterization of tissue and materials using dual-energy CT was first described in the late 1970s when CT technology was still in its infancy [1,2]. The technique was not adapted widely for clinical use except for bone densitometry [3] due to immature CT technology. With new dual-source CT systems, dual-energy CT scans can be obtained simultaneously using two orthogonally positioned X-ray tube and detector sets. This capability eliminates the need for © American Roentgen Ray Society Address correspondence to N. Takahashi. NIH Public Access NIH-PA Author ManuscriptNIH-PA Author Manuscript NIH-PA Author Manuscript two separate scans with two different energy X-ray spectra and, therefore, eliminates misregistration due to patient motion or change in the contrast distribution between the two scans [4,5].The use of dual-source CT scanners has been shown to be effective in improving temporal resolution in coronary CT angiography [4,[6][7][8]. Subtraction of bone or calcium plaques from vessels on CT angiography using the dual-energy CT technique also appears promising [4]. Outside the realm of cardiovascular imaging, little experimentation with current dual-energy scanning techniques and subtraction imaging has been performed.As a routine component of CT urograms for hematuria or suspected urothelial tumor, unenhanced...

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Section: Dual-energy Ct; Genitourinary Imaging; Iodine-subtraction Immentioning

confidence: 99%

Dual-Energy CT Iodine-Subtraction Virtual Unenhanced Technique to Detect Urinary Stones in an Iodine-Filled Collecting System: A Phantom Study

Takahashi

Hartman

Vrtiska

et al. 2008

American Journal of Roentgenology

120

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“…It has also been recognized that iodine-based contrast media have unique X-ray absorption characteristics at different kV levels (Riederer and Mistretta 1977). Early experimental prototypes typically required the acquisition of two separate CT acquisitions at different kV levels with subsequent image coregistration, limiting clinical utility (Chiro et al 1979;Kalender et al 1986). Animal studies demonstrated that identifying and quantifying MI with dual-energy DE-MDCT is feasible (Zhang et al 2010;Deseive et al 2011).…”

Section: Dual Energy For Quantifying MImentioning

confidence: 99%

CT Assessment of Myocardial Viability: Quantitive Imaging

Ruzsics

2012

CT Imaging of Myocardial Perfusion and Viability

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“…In 1979, Chiro et al, used 140 and 90 kVp computed tomography for brain scan. Their theoretical calculations and experimental studies indicated that dual-energy CT can provide clinically useful tissue signatures, not only for metallic deposits, calcification and bone or injected iodine, but was also helpful for the identification of different types of parenchyma tissues and body fluids (15 and subtraction method to enhance the qualitative imaging capabilities. They concluded that spectral dual-energy MDCT imaging of atherosclerotic coronary artery specimens using standard CT scanners will allow tissue characterization.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-Calcified Coronary Artery Plaque Characterization by Dual-Energy Computed Tomography

et al. 2018

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Inversion of dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) data for obtaining the electron density and effective atomic number of substances has been a work in progress for the past forty years. It has been the practice to characterize the material in terms of Hounsfield Unit (HU) values obtained by two different energies. Since HU values are equipment-dependent quantities, it is necessary to develop a method that characterizes the substance in terms of certain physical quantities that are equipment independent. The process that we adopt is to find a calibration method by which all equipment-dependent quantities are eliminated and we directly deal with quantities that are representative of the sample, namely its electron density and effective atomic number. We collect the DECT data from 21 samples of non-calcified coronary artery plaques in human cadavers. With our standardized inversion method we have obtained the electron density and effective atomic number of these samples. With physical models of lipids and proteins it becomes possible to conclude that non-calcified plaque samples can have calcium dispersed in the lipid part of the plaque in trace amounts that cannot be observed by light based microscopy or by CT images alone. This characterization, may give a new insight in characterization of non-calcified coronary artery plaque and in medical diagnostics.

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Tissue Signatures with Dual-Energy Computed Tomography

Cited by 155 publications

References 0 publications

Dual-Energy CT Iodine-Subtraction Virtual Unenhanced Technique to Detect Urinary Stones in an Iodine-Filled Collecting System: A Phantom Study

Dual-Energy CT Iodine-Subtraction Virtual Unenhanced Technique to Detect Urinary Stones in an Iodine-Filled Collecting System: A Phantom Study

CT Assessment of Myocardial Viability: Quantitive Imaging

Non-Calcified Coronary Artery Plaque Characterization by Dual-Energy Computed Tomography

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