Tissue-Specific Decellularization Methods: Rationale and Strategies to Achieve Regenerative Compounds

Mendibil, Unai; Ruiz-Hernández, Raquel; Retegi-Carrión, Sugoi; Garcia-Urquia, Nerea; Olalde, Beatriz; Abarrategi, Ander

doi:10.3390/ijms21155447

Cited by 203 publications

(223 citation statements)

References 198 publications

(263 reference statements)

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“…Unfortunately, these variations makes it difficult to compare different published studies in literature. As mentioned before [ 29 ] and as noticed in our results, each decellularization protocol should be adapted and optimized per each type of tissue, but also the species differences should be taken into account.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Comparison of Decellularization Protocols to Generate Peripheral Nerve Grafts: A Study on Rat Sciatic Nerves

Soury

García-García

Moretti

et al. 2021

IJMS

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In critical nerve gap repair, decellularized nerve allografts are considered a promising tissue engineering strategy that can provide superior regeneration results compared to nerve conduits. Decellularized nerves offer a well-conserved extracellular matrix component that has proven to play an important role in supporting axonal guiding and peripheral nerve regeneration. Up to now, the known decellularized techniques are time and effort consuming. The present study, performed on rat sciatic nerves, aims at investigating a novel nerve decellularization protocol able to combine an effective decellularization in short time with a good preservation of the extracellular matrix component. To do this, a decellularization protocol proven to be efficient for tendons (DN-P1) was compared with a decellularization protocol specifically developed for nerves (DN-P2). The outcomes of both the decellularization protocols were assessed by a series of in vitro evaluations, including qualitative and quantitative histological and immunohistochemical analyses, DNA quantification, SEM and TEM ultrastructural analyses, mechanical testing, and viability assay. The overall results showed that DN-P1 could provide promising results if tested in vivo, as the in vitro characterization demonstrated that DN-P1 conserved a better ultrastructure and ECM components compared to DN-P2. Most importantly, DN-P1 was shown to be highly biocompatible, supporting a greater number of viable metabolically active cells.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Comparison of Decellularization Protocols to Generate Peripheral Nerve Grafts: A Study on Rat Sciatic Nerves

Soury

García-García

Moretti

et al. 2021

IJMS

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“…However, it is accepted by the research community that each decellularization treatment affects the biochemical composition of the remaining ECM materials, which, in turn, carries functional and pathophysiological implications to its regenerative capacities [ 29 ]. Thus, AT decellularization must effectively remove cellular components and lipids, minimizing the loss of native ECM components [ 30 , 31 ]. In this study, two decellularization protocols were used to produce human and porcine DAMs: Method 1 based on fine-tuned enzyme incubations and method 2 based on organic solvents.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Human and Porcine Adipose Extracellular Matrices Decellularized by Enzymatic or Chemical Methods on Macrophage Polarization and Immunocompetence

Cicuéndez

Casarrubios

Feito

et al. 2021

IJMS

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The decellularized extracellular matrix (ECM) obtained from human and porcine adipose tissue (AT) is currently used to prepare regenerative medicine bio-scaffolds. However, the influence of these natural biomaterials on host immune response is not yet deeply understood. Since macrophages play a key role in the inflammation/healing processes due to their high functional plasticity between M1 and M2 phenotypes, the evaluation of their response to decellularized ECM is mandatory. It is also necessary to analyze the immunocompetence of macrophages after contact with decellularized ECM materials to assess their functional role in a possible infection scenario. In this work, we studied the effect of four decellularized adipose matrices (DAMs) obtained from human and porcine AT by enzymatic or chemical methods on macrophage phenotypes and fungal phagocytosis. First, a thorough biochemical characterization of these biomaterials by quantification of remnant DNA, lipids, and proteins was performed, thus indicating the efficiency and reliability of both methods. The proteomic analysis evidenced that some proteins are differentially preserved depending on both the AT origin and the decellularization method employed. After exposure to the four DAMs, specific markers of M1 proinflammatory and M2 anti-inflammatory macrophages were analyzed. Porcine DAMs favor the M2 phenotype, independently of the decellularization method employed. Finally, a sensitive fungal phagocytosis assay allowed us to relate the macrophage phagocytosis capability with specific proteins differentially preserved in certain DAMs. The results obtained in this study highlight the close relationship between the ECM biochemical composition and the macrophage’s functional role.

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“…However, the success of this approach in order to build cardiac constructs is largely dependent on the quality of the decellularization, which remains variable across the samples. Moreover, processes tend to be long and a compromise has to be made between the removal of all cells and the preservation of ECM integrity [ 110 ]. Additionally, as the ECM surrounds the cells, keeping the intricate ECM network intact may impede proper cell seeding of decellularized material.…”

Section: Cardiac Organoids To Reproduce the Features Of Human Cardiac Tissuementioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiac Organoids to Model and Heal Heart Failure and Cardiomyopathies

et al. 2021

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Cardiac tissue engineering aims at creating contractile structures that can optimally reproduce the features of human cardiac tissue. These constructs are becoming valuable tools to model some of the cardiac functions, to set preclinical platforms for drug testing, or to alternatively be used as therapies for cardiac repair approaches. Most of the recent developments in cardiac tissue engineering have been made possible by important advances regarding the efficient generation of cardiac cells from pluripotent stem cells and the use of novel biomaterials and microfabrication methods. Different combinations of cells, biomaterials, scaffolds, and geometries are however possible, which results in different types of structures with gradual complexities and abilities to mimic the native cardiac tissue. Here, we intend to cover key aspects of tissue engineering applied to cardiology and the consequent development of cardiac organoids. This review presents various facets of the construction of human cardiac 3D constructs, from the choice of the components to their patterning, the final geometry of generated tissues, and the subsequent readouts and applications to model and treat cardiac diseases.

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Tissue-Specific Decellularization Methods: Rationale and Strategies to Achieve Regenerative Compounds

Cited by 203 publications

References 198 publications

Comparison of Decellularization Protocols to Generate Peripheral Nerve Grafts: A Study on Rat Sciatic Nerves

Comparison of Decellularization Protocols to Generate Peripheral Nerve Grafts: A Study on Rat Sciatic Nerves

Effects of Human and Porcine Adipose Extracellular Matrices Decellularized by Enzymatic or Chemical Methods on Macrophage Polarization and Immunocompetence

Cardiac Organoids to Model and Heal Heart Failure and Cardiomyopathies

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