Tissue-specific Role of CX<sub>3</sub>CR1 Expressing Immune Cells and Their Relationships with Human Disease

Lee, Myoungsoo; Lee, Yong-Sung; Song, Jihye; Lee, Junhyung; Chang, Shau‐Jin

doi:10.4110/in.2018.18.e5

Cited by 175 publications

(131 citation statements)

References 102 publications

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“…We have also shown that SDP stimulates the expression of F4/80 and CX3CR1, which are macrophage markers in the gut with important roles in the priming of immune responses. CX3CR1+ macrophages produce immunoregulatory cytokines such as IL-10 and can also facilitate the differentiation and maintenance of Treg within the lamina propria 56 . They are also required for the induction of the efferent CD8+ reg-T cells required for peripheral tolerance 57 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary supplementation with spray-dried porcine plasma has prebiotic effects on gut microbiota in mice

Moretó

Miró

Amat

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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In animal models of inflammation and in farm animals, dietary inclusion of spray-dried porcine plasma (SDP) reduces mucosal inflammation. Here, we study whether these effects could be mediated by changes in the intestinal microbiota and if these changes are similar to those induced by oral antibiotics. Weaned 21-day-old C57BL/6 mice were divided into 3 groups: the CTL group, fed the control diet; the COL group, administered low doses of neomycin and colistin; and the SDP group, supplemented with 8% SDP. After 14 days, analysis of the fecal microbiome showed that the microbiota profiles induced by SDP and the antibiotics were very different, thus, SDP has prebiotic rather than antibiotic effects. At the phylum level, SDP stimulated the presence of Firmicutes, considerably increasing the lactobacilli population. It also enhanced the growth of species involved in regulatory T-lymphocyte homeostasis and restoration of the mucosal barrier, as well as species negatively correlated with expression of proinflammatory cytokines. At the mucosal level, expression of toll-like receptors Tlr2, Tlr4 and Tlr9, and mucous-related genes Muc2 and Tff3 with regulatory and barrier stability functions, were increased. SDP also increased expression of Il-10 and Tgf-β, as well as markers of macrophages and dendritic cells eventually promoting an immune-tolerant environment. open Scientific RepoRtS | (2020) 10:2926 | https://doi.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary supplementation with spray-dried porcine plasma has prebiotic effects on gut microbiota in mice

Moretó

Miró

Amat

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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“…The idea that uric acid might act as a direct proinflammatory stimulus for human macrophages is also supported by two additional facts: (a) the expression pattern of CX3CR1 and CCR2 and (b) the phagocytic activity of macrophages. CX3CR1 and CCR2 are both involved in mediating monocyte recruitment to the inflammation sites, where these cells will differentiate into macrophages and orchestrate inflammatory responses or tissue repair [42,43]. Interestingly, numerous studies have consistently reported the downregulation of CX3CR1 and CCR2 in the presence of prototypical inflammatory stimuli, such as LPS.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Uric Acid Has Direct Proinflammatory Effects on Human Macrophages by Increasing Proinflammatory Mediators and Bacterial Phagocytosis Probably via URAT1

et al. 2020

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The relationship of uric acid with macrophages has not been fully elucidated. We investigated the effect of uric acid on the proinflammatory ability of human macrophages and then examined the possible molecular mechanism involved. Primary human monocytes were differentiated into macrophages for subsequent exposure to 0, 0.23, 0.45, or 0.9 mmol/L uric acid for 12 h, in the presence or absence of 1 mmol/L probenecid. Flow cytometry was used to measure proinflammatory marker production and phagocytic activity that was quantified as a percentage of GFP-labeled Escherichia coli positive macrophages. qPCR was used to measure the macrophage expression of the urate anion transporter 1 (URAT1). As compared to control cells, the production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), and cluster of differentiation (CD) 11c was significantly increased by uric acid. In contrast, macrophages expressing CD206, CX3C-motif chemokine receptor 1 (CX3CR1), and C-C chemokine receptor type 2 (CCR2) were significantly reduced. Uric acid progressively increased macrophage phagocytic activity and downregulated URAT1 expression. Probenecid-a non-specific blocker of URAT1-dependent uric acid transport-inhibited both proinflammatory cytokine production and phagocytic activity in macrophages that were exposed to uric acid. These results suggest that uric acid has direct proinflammatory effects on macrophages possibly via URAT1.

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“…We also compared the expression of CX3CR1, NKp46, and NKp44 on NK cells between CD patients and healthy controls. CXC3R1 is a C-X3-C-type chemokine receptor that binds to CXC3L1/fractalkine and is implicated in the chemotaxis of immune cells to sites of inflammation in the body [36]. NKp46 and NKp44 are activating receptors belonging to the Natural Cytotoxicity Receptor (NCR) family [3].…”

Section: Expression Of Integrins On Nk Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phenotypic and Functional Changes in Peripheral Blood Natural Killer Cells in Crohn Disease Patients

Samarani

Sagala

Jantchou

et al. 2020

Mediators of Inflammation

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We investigated activation status, cytotoxic potential, and gut homing ability of the peripheral blood Natural Killer (NK) cells in Crohn disease (CD) patients. For this purpose, we compared the expression of different activating and inhibitory receptors (KIR and non-KIR) and integrins on NK cells as well as their recent degranulation history between the patients and age-matched healthy controls. The study was conducted using freshly obtained peripheral blood samples from the study participants. Multiple color flow cytometry was used for these determinations. Our results show that NK cells from treatment-naïve CD patients expressed higher levels of activating KIR as well as other non-KIR activating receptors vis-à-vis healthy controls. They also showed increased frequencies of the cells expressing these receptors. The expression of several KIR and non-KIR inhibitory receptors tended to decrease compared with the cells from healthy donors. NK cells from the patients also expressed increased levels of different gut-homing integrin molecules and showed a history of increased recent degranulation events both constitutively and in response to their in vitro stimulation. Furthermore, treatment of the patients tended to reverse these NK cell changes. Our results demonstrate unequivocally, for the first time, that peripheral blood NK cells in treatment-naïve CD patients are more activated and are more poised to migrate to the gut compared to their counterpart cells from healthy individuals. Moreover, they show that treatment of the patients tends to normalize their NK cells. The results suggest that NK cells are very likely to play a role in the immunopathogenesis of Crohn disease.

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Tissue-specific Role of CX₃CR1 Expressing Immune Cells and Their Relationships with Human Disease

Cited by 175 publications

References 102 publications

Dietary supplementation with spray-dried porcine plasma has prebiotic effects on gut microbiota in mice

Dietary supplementation with spray-dried porcine plasma has prebiotic effects on gut microbiota in mice

Uric Acid Has Direct Proinflammatory Effects on Human Macrophages by Increasing Proinflammatory Mediators and Bacterial Phagocytosis Probably via URAT1

Phenotypic and Functional Changes in Peripheral Blood Natural Killer Cells in Crohn Disease Patients

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Tissue-specific Role of CX3CR1 Expressing Immune Cells and Their Relationships with Human Disease

Cited by 175 publications

References 102 publications

Dietary supplementation with spray-dried porcine plasma has prebiotic effects on gut microbiota in mice

Dietary supplementation with spray-dried porcine plasma has prebiotic effects on gut microbiota in mice

Uric Acid Has Direct Proinflammatory Effects on Human Macrophages by Increasing Proinflammatory Mediators and Bacterial Phagocytosis Probably via URAT1

Phenotypic and Functional Changes in Peripheral Blood Natural Killer Cells in Crohn Disease Patients

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Resources

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Tissue-specific Role of CX₃CR1 Expressing Immune Cells and Their Relationships with Human Disease