Titanate and Zirconate Coupling Agents in Foamed Polymers

Monte, Salvatore J.

doi:10.1177/026248930102000301

Cited by 8 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Os aditivos à base de alcóxidos de titanatos ou zirconatos têm sido usados em concentrações da ordem de 0,2% m/m, visando promover a copolimerização ou a compatibilização in -situ de polímeros, como PELBD (polietileno de baixa densidade linear), policarbonato (PC), PET e PP e ainda atuaram como pigmento. A utilização destes aditivos promoveu uma melhora nas propriedades mecânicas dos produtos, diminuição da temperatura e dos ciclos de processamento [75][76][77][78] .…”

Section: Reciclagem Mecânicaunclassified

A tecnologia da reciclagem de polímeros

Spinace¹,

Paoli²

2005

Quím. Nova

112

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THE TECHNOLOGY OF POLYMER RECYCLING. Solid municipal waste contains a large volume of polymers and its final disposal is a serious environmental problem. Consequently, the recycling of the principal polymers present in the solid waste is an alternative. In this review we describe the mechanical and chemical recycling of polymers and the energy recovery from plastic wastes. Polymer recycling involves not only the development of processing technologies, but also the solution of many chemical and analytical problems. The technological, economical and social aspects of polymer recycling are also considered.

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Section: Reciclagem Mecânicaunclassified

A tecnologia da reciclagem de polímeros

Spinace¹,

Paoli²

2005

Quím. Nova

112

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“…Endothermic and exothermic blowing agents are made significantly more efficient using subject organometallics to produce lighter polymers with more uniform cell structure 47 . This because, among other effects, titanates and zirconates at the elevated temperature where gas generation (blow) occurs maintain or increase polymer bubble stress (force/ area) properties while strain (elongation/unit length) properties are doubled or tripled.…”

Section: Synergize Blowing Agent Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

Neoalkoxy Titanate and Zirconate Coupling Agent Additives in Thermoplastics

Monte¹

2002

Polymers and Polymer Composites

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Ti or Zr coupling agents chemically bridge two dissimilar species such as an inorganic filler/particulate and organic polymer via proton coordination on non-silane reactive substrates such as CaCO3 and carbon black without the need of water of condensation as with silanes. Minor amounts of thermally stable neoalkoxy titanate and zirconate additives provide a means for post reactor, in-situ metallocene-like repolymerization catalysis of a filled or unfilled polymer during the plastication phase resulting in: significantly faster thermoplastic processing at lower temperatures; lower polymer recrystallization time; and the copolymerization of dissimilar polymers. Examples: both 40% CaCO3 filled and unfilled PP compounds experienced respective reductions of 35.5% and 42% in injection mold cycle time and 22% and 11% in process temperature; 17% “pyrophosphato titanate coupled conductive carbon black (CB)” in LDPE provides the same Positive Temperature Coefficient effect as 25% untreated CB; a 39.7% reduction in the recrystallization time of PPS; a ten-fold increase in the elongation of a PET/PC regrind alloy; and the regeneration of recycled blends of LDPE and PP regrinds. The catalysis effect is shown to be permanent and recyclable. Coupling agent liquid, powder and pellet forms; dosage; data and applications methodology in compounding, injection and blow molding are discussed. New and novel transparent and permanent antistatic agents based on the formation of bipolar layers of dissimilar trineoalkoxy zirconates are shown to be non-blooming, non-moisture dependent providing volume as well as surface ESD effects.

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“…Thus, 50 g 30% toluene soln. of Acrylic (acrylic coating) was mixed with 37.5 g Sb-doped SnO 2 -coated TiO 2 (resistivity 10 Ω-cm) and 0.38g Me 2 CHOTi[O(CH 2 )2NH(CH 2 )-2NH 2 ] 3 (KR 44), spread on a polyester film, and dried to form a 100-µ film showing surface resistivity 6 x 10 9 Ω/cm 2 vs. >10 12 without the titanate coupling agent.…”

Section: Electroconductive Resin Compositionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Permanent, Transparent, Non-Blooming and Non-Hygroscopic Antistatic Agents Based on Combined Neoalkoxy Organometallics

Monte¹

2002

Polymers and Polymer Composites

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Minor amounts of thermally and hydrolytically stable combined dissimilar polarity type neoalkoxy titanates and/or zirconates can be added directly into the polymer during the thermoplastic or thermoset compounding phase at temperatures in excess of 200°C to form bipolar layers that provide a transparent, non-blooming organometallic transfer circuit resulting in a volume as well as surface antistatic effect. The permanent antistatic effect depends upon a complete dispersion of the combined organometallics and thus works differently than conventional surface blooming hygroscopic antistats that rely on polymer incompatibilization and resultant surface blooming to attract ESD atmospheric moisture to the thermoplastic surface in environments having humidity greater than 25%. A transparent film results since the combined organometallics are of good color and solubilize into the polymer, and are not made of insoluble conductive particulate or cobalt-based metallocenes. Specifically, it will be shown that when using a combined trineoalkoxy dodecylbenzene sulfonyl zirconate/trineoalkoxy aliphatic amino zirconate antistatic agent, transparent olefin films remain clear after long-term aging tests. Atomic dispersion of the antistat will be shown to be critical. For example, data will show that when 1% of the new and novel antistat is added to polypropylene in an intensive mixer (Banbury) operating in the range of 160 to 190°C – and the mixer compounding conditions are changed (to increase specific energy input) from 30-second drop after flux occurs @ 50 rpm to 2-3 minutes drop after flux occurs at 100-125 rpm – the resistivity will be lowered from 1013 to 1011 Ω/sq. for 30 mil compression molded slabs. Differences in ESD effects in HDPE using a 2-roll mill vs. a twin-screw extruder will be discussed. In addition to PP and HDPE, ESD effects will be shown in various other polymer disciplines such as LLDPE, PVC, PVC/Nitrile, PETG, Nylon, PES, Acrylic, ABS, Ethyl Acetate (Nail Polish), Natural Rubber Latex, Acrylic Latex and Polyurethane. For example, a clear thermoplastic polyurethane having a surface resistivity and a volume resistivity of 1.3 × 1016 Ω/sq. and 1.7 × 1015 Ω-cm respectively will exhibit ESD properties of 7.4 × 1012 Ω/sq. and 4.6 × 1011 Ω-cm when 2% by weight of PU of a 60% active combined trineoalkoxy zirconate on silica powder masterbatch is used.

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Titanate and Zirconate Coupling Agents in Foamed Polymers

Cited by 8 publications

References 8 publications

A tecnologia da reciclagem de polímeros

A tecnologia da reciclagem de polímeros

Neoalkoxy Titanate and Zirconate Coupling Agent Additives in Thermoplastics

Permanent, Transparent, Non-Blooming and Non-Hygroscopic Antistatic Agents Based on Combined Neoalkoxy Organometallics

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