Titanium allergy: A literature review

Abstract

Titanium has gained immense popularity and has successfully established itself as the material of choice for dental implants. In both medical and dental fields, titanium and its alloys have demonstrated success as biomedical devices. Owing to its high resistance to corrosion in a physiological environment and the excellent biocompatibility that gives it a passive, stable oxide film, titanium is considered the material of choice for intraosseous use. There are certain studies which show titanium as an allergen but the resources to diagnose titanium sensivity are very limited. Attention is needed towards the development of new and precise method for early diagnosis of titanium allergy and also to find out the alternative biomaterial which can be used in place of titanium. A review of available articles from the Medline and PubMed database was done to find literature available regarding titanium allergy, its diagnosis and new alternative material for titanium.

RETRACTED ARTICLE: An evaluation of the potential consequences of drilling titanium and tantalum implants during surgery - a pilot study

“…In the case of tantalum, a greater number of smaller particles were left in the operating field, with a greater risk of absorption into the blood. Regarding the use of tantalum without the use of niobium or aluminum, the toxicity of the remaining tantalum ions should be less than with Ti-Al-Ni or Ti-Al-V alloys [19–21]. Therefore we predict that interoperative drilling in the implant of the structure, particularly those constructed from of alloys of different metals, may have detrimental effects for the patient: it can result in increased chance of nephrotoxicity, ion accumulation in the central nervous system and the possibility of allergy.…”

“…Therefore we predict that interoperative drilling in the implant of the structure, particularly those constructed from of alloys of different metals, may have detrimental effects for the patient: it can result in increased chance of nephrotoxicity, ion accumulation in the central nervous system and the possibility of allergy. This mainly applies to alloys with vanadium and niobium [19–21]. …”

Hypersensitivity to material and environmental burden as a possible cause of late complications of cardiac implantable electronic devices

“…Metal pollutants such as mercury, tin (part of dental amalgam alloy, among others), titanium and other elements can be present in patients’ bodies long before CIED implantation. This fact can be linked to the development of hypersensitivity reactions to the above-mentioned metals 16 , 17 …”

PEEK materials as an alternative to titanium in dental implants: A systematic review

“…Events related to micromotion of dental implants, cyclic loading, acidic oral environments result in breakdown of the oxide film on the surface of implant permanently and lead to exposure of metal surface to electrolytes . Due to this, there is release of Ti ions and metallic ions, which triggers an immune reaction (type IV reaction), in the oral environment that is mainly directed toward the implant . The modulus of elasticity of Ti (110GPa) was significantly higher when compared to bone (14 GPa).…”