Titanium alloy components manufacture from blended elemental powder and the qualification process

Powder metallurgy of titanium – past, present, and future

“…(Reproduced with permission.) manufacturing technology for sustainably producing Ti alloys [158,169].…”

“…As seen, the microstructure is comparable in size and morphology to the lamellar structure produced via conventional pressureless sintering. As also shown in Figure 19, CHIP may also be used with subsequent TMP, such as extrusion and forging [158]. In addition to serving as a forming process, TMP can break up the coarse lamellar grains and facilitate the formation of a refined equiaxed or bi-modal microstructure through recrystallisation of the α grains.…”

“…the CHIP process discussed in section 'CIP-sinter-HIP process') has been reported to increase the as-sintered density from 98 to 100% TD, with a corresponding slight increase in ductility from 15 to 16%EL and a 13-14 MPa increase in strength [158]. Additionally, studies have reported success in increasing the sintered density of PM Ti-6Al-4V by cold working the BE powder compacts before sintering [308,317].…”

“…The CIP-sinter-HIP (CHIP) process is a multi-step PM process in which a green body/preform is produced via cold isostatic pressing (CIP), conventionally sintered under vacuum, and then hot isostatically pressed to close the remaining porosity [158]. A schematic of this process is given in Figure 19.…”

“…After HIP processing, the material may be forged, or processed with another form of TMP, to refine the microstructure and improve the mechanical properties [158]. Of course, this option is only viable for the production of mill products meant for subsequent working (e.g.…”