Titanium: An Element of Non-Biological Atmospheric Nitrogen Fixation and A Regulator of Sugar Beet Plant Tolerance to Salinity

Abstract

HERE IS UNPRECEDENTED interest in the biological and non-biological atmospheric nitrogen fixation via some elements e.g., titanium, nickel, vanadium, etc. to reduce the inputs of mineral N-fertilizers in the future, especially under salinity conditions. Also, synthetic nitrogen fertilization could increase the impurities in the sugar beet. So, A field trial ( as an exploratory experiment) was executed in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) to highlight the role of the Ti element in non-biological atmospheric nitrogen fixation and regulating sugar beet plant tolerance to salinity conditions ( soil EC value =6.25 dSm -1 & irrigation water EC value =4.86 dSm -1 ). Treatments were as follows; T 1 : Without Ti (0.0 mg L -1 ); T 2 : Adding Ti as foliar application (5.0 mg L -1 ); T 3 : Adding Ti as foliar application (10.0 mg L -1 ); T 4 : Adding Ti as foliar application (15.0 mg L -1 ); T 5 : Adding Ti as soil injection (5.0 mg L -1 ); T 6 : Adding Ti as soil injection (10.0 mg L -1 ); T 7 : Adding Ti as soil injection (15.0 mg L -1 ); T 8 : Combination of both methods (Soil + foliar) [5.0 mg L -1 , (2.5+2.5 for each method)]; T 9 : Combination of both methods (Soil + foliar) [10.0 mg L -1 , (5.0+5.0 for each method)]; and T 10 : Combination of both methods (Soil + foliar) (15.0 mg L -1 , (7.5+7.5 for each method)]. At the harvest stage, top &roots yield and juice quality were evaluated. The findings illustrate that the difference due to the studied treatments was significant, where the sequence order of the evaluated Ti treatments from the most effective to the less was as follows;T 8 >T 2 >T 3 >T 9 >T 5 > T 6 >T 1 > T 7 >T 4 >T 10 . Through the statistical comparison among the studied treatments, it can be noticed that the combined addition method of Ti (foliar plus soil) was the most effective one then the foliar application method solely followed by the soil injection method alone. Also, the best Ti rate was 5.0 mg L -1 under all studied application methods, while plant yield parameters decreased thereafter as the Ti rate increased . Also, it can be noticed that the plant performance under the control treatment was better than that treated with 15.0 Ti mg L -1 under all studied application methods. Generally, a better understanding of titanium toxicity in plant tissues may promote risk assessment and safe use of it.

Review of Crop Response to Soil Salinity Stress: Possible Approaches from Leaching to Nano-Management

“…Thus, there is an urgent need to improve crop productivity in saline soils through the use of management approaches [11]. Soil salinity management may include applying mineral nutrients and beneficial elements such as potassium [12], selenium [13], titanium [14], or silicon [15]. Soil organisms can be used to mitigate salinity by solubilizing nutrients via microbes [16,17] and mycorrhizal activities [10].…”

Can foliar application of Titanium and Zeolite Soil Addition Enhance Crisphead Lettuce Production, and Reduce N-Leaching or/and Volatilization?

“…When titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) is exposed to ultraviolet (UV) light, it undergoes a photochemical reaction. TiO 2 possesses a relatively wide bandgap energy, meaning it absorbs UV light and reflects or transmits most of the visible light (Al-Taani, 2008; Elsherpiny and Faiyad, 2023). When UV light with energy higher than the band gap energy of TiO 2 is incident upon it, electronhole pairs are generated (Kozlova et al, 2021).…”

Nanoparticles: An Emerging Soil Crops Saviour under Drought and Heavy Metal Stresses

“…Sustaining crop production in response to environmental stresses is a major task for scientists' because various abiotic stressors significantly influence the environment and climatic surroundings and decrease crop production (Awwad et al 2022). Among the various stresses, heavy metals (HMs), drought, salinity, and heat stress are major constraints that lead to yield losses and economic downturns (Hasan et al 2021;Ghazia et al 2022). Reactive oxygen species (ROS), including alkoxyl radicals, superoxide radicals, singlet oxygen, and peroxy radicals, are produced by drought and HMs stress and are responsible for toxicity in plants.…”