Titanium Dioxide

Brittain, Harry G.; Barbera, Gary; DeVincentis, Joseph; Newman, Ann

doi:10.1016/s0099-5428(08)60404-9

Cited by 13 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…All of these can be found in nature, but anatase and rutile are the most commercially produced. Both anatase and brookite are metastable phases, which irreversibly and exothermically can be transformed into rutile, the most thermodynamically stable phase . The size of particles affects its surface energy, so phase stability is also dependent on the particle size.…”

Section: Polyamide Nanocompositesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The size of particles affects its surface energy, so phase stability is also dependent on the particle size. Anatase is most stable at sizes <11 nm, brookite at sizes between 11 and 35 nm and rutile at sizes >35 nm .…”

Section: Polyamide Nanocompositesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Titania is a semiconductor, non‐toxic and relatively low cost. It is a thermally stable material and extremely resistant to chemical degradation . TiO 2 nanoparticles are known for its antibacterial and antioxidation properties, and also there is evidence that they can act as effective nucleation agent into polyamide matrices .…”

Section: Polyamide Nanocompositesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Advances in polyamide nanocomposites: A review

2018

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The present review highlights the effect of different types of nanoparticles/nanotubes/nanolayers in polyamide nanocomposite properties. Polyamides belong to an important class of engineering polymers due to their interesting properties, such as temperature stability, good chemical resistance, relatively high tensile strength and stiffness. The availability of different types of nanoparticles and its functionalization, besides the improved knowledge on the integration with the polyamide matrix, has opened possibilities for developing new fields of applications and products. POLYM. COM-POS., 00:000-000, FIG. 12. TEM images of PA6/prisitine multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNT) (a) and PA6/amide like-3 MWNT nanocomposites (5 phr) by melt-compounding. Reprinted from [40], Copyright (2014), with permission from Elsevier.

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Section: Polyamide Nanocompositesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Polyamide Nanocompositesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Polyamide Nanocompositesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Advances in polyamide nanocomposites: A review

2018

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“…53 Other nonreinforcing fillers used to fill voids and increase volume include inorganic oxides and carbonates such as zinc oxide, titanium oxide, China clay, calcium carbonate, etc. 54 If we look at the regenerated carbon black, it is mostly regenerated from the used or waste tires. 25,55 Rice husk is one of the constituents that can produce silica material by various extraction methods.…”

Section: ■ Sustainable Reinforcing Fillers and Fibersmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Road to Sustainable Tire Materials: Current State-of-the-Art and Future Prospectives

Thomas

Sancaktar

2023

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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The development of a 100% sustainable tire has emerged as a milestone for several tire companies across the globe. It has created new commercial opportunities for the biobased, renewable, and recycled polymer materials. However, there are concerns that the incorporation of such sustainable new materials may have an undesirable impact on the main performance properties of the tire. At the same time, with new capabilities and product innovations, it can help us meet society’s need in a more sustainable fashion and protect the environment. This Feature first outlines the opportunities and need for sustainable tire materials. Next, it describes the main types of sustainable material attributes in tire material, elastomers, reinforcing agents, fibers, and plasticizers, among a few others. The challenges to achieving the performance properties are discussed with possible design guidelines. Recent approaches to the tire attributes are described in the form of a meticulous overview of the existing literature, with a critical analysis of some of them. This contribution attempts to highlight, in a comprehensive way, sustainable tire materials on the basis of recent research advancements, existing challenges, and prospective future scope in this field.

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“…Despite their simple manufacturing process at a low temperature, PSCs have recently achieved their best efficiency of 25.7 %, which is comparable to that of silicon solar cells [1]. Titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) films have been widely used as electron transport layers (ETLs) for sensitized solar cells because of their thermal and chemical stability, as well as a band alignment suitable for solar cells [2]. Several methods are available for TiO 2 thin film fabrication, such as solgel, sputtering, chemical vapor deposition, and spray coating [3][4][5][6][7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

TiO₂ Thin Film Deposition by RF Reactive Sputtering for n-i-p Planar Structured Perovskite Solar Cells

Kim

et al. 2022

Appl. Sci. Converg. Technol.

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TiO 2 thin film typically used as an electron transport layer (ETL) in perovskite solar cells has many advantages such as high refractive index, good photocatalytic properties, excellent chemical stability, and low cost. TiO 2 thin films are typically formed by a solution process, but it is difficult to achieve large area coating, accurate thickness control, and mass production with this process. Here, we demonstrated that radiofrequency (RF)-sputtered TiO 2 is an effective replacement for use as the ETL for the perovskite solar cells in order to overcome the disadvantages of the solution process. The TiO 2 layer was deposited on the substrate by reactive sputtering (RS) with a high-purity Ti metal target. The RFRS TiO 2 thin film was systematically characterized and compared with spin-coated TiO 2 by means of various analytical techniques. The transmittance of 20-nm-thick as-deposited TiO 2 on an indium tin oxide (ITO)-coated glass substrate was 75−80 % in the visible range. After annealing, the amorphous phase was converted into an anatase structure in RFRS TiO 2 . In the case of the spin-coated TiO 2 layer, indium diffusion from the ITO layer and an increase in sheet resistance with the annealing temperature were observed. On the other hand, the RFRS TiO 2 had a denser and more uniform surface, and it could be annealed at a lower temperature. Therefore, it was able to block indium diffusion and increase the 𝑉 OC and FF values. Finally, the device efficiency of the perovskite solar cell was improved from 16.04 to 17.46 % when using RFRS TiO 2 as the ETL.

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Titanium Dioxide

Cited by 13 publications

References 24 publications

Advances in polyamide nanocomposites: A review

Advances in polyamide nanocomposites: A review

The Road to Sustainable Tire Materials: Current State-of-the-Art and Future Prospectives

TiO₂ Thin Film Deposition by RF Reactive Sputtering for n-i-p Planar Structured Perovskite Solar Cells

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Titanium Dioxide

Cited by 13 publications

References 24 publications

Advances in polyamide nanocomposites: A review

Advances in polyamide nanocomposites: A review

The Road to Sustainable Tire Materials: Current State-of-the-Art and Future Prospectives

TiO2 Thin Film Deposition by RF Reactive Sputtering for n-i-p Planar Structured Perovskite Solar Cells

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

TiO₂ Thin Film Deposition by RF Reactive Sputtering for n-i-p Planar Structured Perovskite Solar Cells