Titanium Dioxide Coatings Doubly-Doped with Ca and Ag Ions as Corrosion Resistant, Biocompatible, and Bioactive Materials for Medical Applications

Abstract

The aim of this study was to develop a multifunctional biomedical coating that is highly corrosion resistant, biocompatible, and reveals the bioactive properties. For that purpose, titanium dioxide coatings doubly-doped with Ca and Ag ions were deposited by dip-coating onto M30NW biomedical steel. The influence of different ratios of Ca and Ag dopants on morphology, surface structure, corrosion resistance, bioactivity, wettability, and biological properties of TiO2-based sol-gel coatings was studied and discussed. Comprehensive measurements were performed including atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray reflectivity (XRR), corrosion tests, immersion test, contact angle, as well as biological evaluation. The obtained results confirmed that anatase-based coatings containing Ca and Ag ions, independently of their molar ratio in the coating, are anticorrosive, hydrophilic, and bioactive. The results of the biological evaluation indicated that investigated coatings are biocompatible and do not reduce the proliferation ability of the osteoblasts cells.

Analytical Techniques for the Characterization of Bioactive Coatings for Orthopaedic Implants

“…When applying bioactive coatings to metal substrates, AFM provides an opportunity to characterize the topography and measure the roughness parameters, both of which have an important influence on the osseointegration and interfacial stability of the implants [ 68 , 99 , 100 ]. Table 2 summarizes a number of studies focusing on the preparation of bioactive coatings on metallic substrates that have been characterized using AFM.…”

Preparation, biological activity and antibacterial properties of tantalum surface-doped Ca2+/Zn2+ nanorods

“…Additionally, proper ion doping, such as with Ca 2+ and Zn 2+ , can further modify the porous tantalum structure. Ca 2+ is an essential element in human bones, and doping with this element can improve cell activity on Ta 2 O 5 , promote cell proliferation and differentiation, and reduce rejection of implanted materials by human cells [32]. On the other hand, doping with Zn 2+ can improve the antibacterial properties of Ta 2 O 5 nanorods, preventing adverse reactions such as postoperative infection [33][34][35].…”

Characteristics and Morphological Studies of Nd Doped Titanium Thin Film Coating on SS 316L by DC Sputtering

“…Fouada et al prepared 𝑇𝑖 − 𝑂, 𝑇𝑖 − 𝑂 − 𝐶 and 𝑇𝑖 − 𝑂 − 𝐶 − 𝑁 films using tetrabutyl orthotitanate as a precursor by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) technique in presence of different gases, where titanium nitride (Ti2N and TiN) phases, TiO2 and TiC phases were formed [2], Linus et al applied titanium carbonitride (𝑇𝑖(𝐶, 𝑁)) films by CVD technique [3] and Barbara et al studied the development of multifunctional biomedical (𝑇𝑖𝑂 2 ) coatings doubly-doped with 𝐴𝑔 and 𝐶𝑎 ions by dipcoating method on steel to investigate many biological properties and corrosion [4] as well as using niobium oxide [5] and ceria by RF sputtering [6,7].…”