Herein, two Laves intermetallic series,
ZrCo1.75
M
0.25 and NbCo1.75
M
0.25 (M =
Fe, Co, Ni, Ru, Rh, Pd, Os,
Ir, and Pt), were synthesized, and their hydrogen evolution reaction
(HER) activities were examined to reveal the influence of d electrons
to the corresponding HER activities. Owing to the different electronegativity
between Zr and Nb (χZr = 1.33; χNb = 1.60), Co and/or M elements receive more electrons
in ZrCo1.75
M
0.25 than that
of the Nb one. This leads to the overall weak H adsorption energy
(ΔG
Had) of ZrCo1.75
M
0.25 series compared to that of NbCo1.75
M
0.25 and rationalizes well the superior
HER activity of the Rh member compared to that of the Pt one in the
ZrCo1.75
M
0.25 series. Under
industrial conditions (333 K, 6.0 M KOH), ZrCo1.75Rh0.25 only requires an overpotential of 110 mV to reach the
current density of 500 mA/cm2 and can be operated at high
current density over 400 h. This work demonstrates that with a proper
combination between elements in intermetallic phases, one can manipulate
d electrons of the active metal to be closer to the sweet spot (ΔG
Had = 0). The Pt member may no longer exhibit
the best HER activity in series, and all elements exhibit the potential
to outperform the Pt member in the HER with careful control of the
d electron population.