Titanium in olivine reveals low-Ti origin of the Chang'E-5 lunar basalts

Zhang, Di; Su, Bin; Chen, Yi; Yang, Wei; Mao, Qian; Jia, Lihui

doi:10.1016/j.lithos.2022.106639

Cited by 19 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Our analytical results show that the CE5 basalts mostly have <6 weight % (wt %) of TiO 2 (average of 5.5 wt %; table S1) and can be classified as low-Ti type ( 3 ). The low-Ti classification is further supported by titanium in olivine ( 19 ) and the appearance of tabular to lamellar ilmenite cross-cutting the early olivine and clinopyroxene (fig. S2), which differ from the Apollo high-Ti basalts ( 6 , 16 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 90%

Fusible mantle cumulates trigger young mare volcanism on the cooling Moon

Yuan

Chen

et al. 2022

Sci. Adv.

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The Chang’E-5 (CE5) mission has demonstrated that lunar volcanism was still active until two billion years ago, much younger than the previous isotopically dated lunar basalts. How the small Moon retained enough heat to drive such late volcanism is unknown, particularly as the CE5 mantle source was anhydrous and depleted in heat-producing elements. We conduct fractional crystallization and mantle melting simulations that show that mantle melting point depression by the presence of fusible, easily melted components could trigger young volcanism. Enriched in calcium oxide and titanium dioxide compared to older Apollo magmas, the young CE5 magma was, thus, sourced from the overturn of the late-stage fusible cumulates of the lunar magma ocean. Mantle melting point depression is the first mechanism to account for young volcanism on the Moon that is consistent with the newly returned CE5 basalts.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 90%

Fusible mantle cumulates trigger young mare volcanism on the cooling Moon

Yuan

Chen

et al. 2022

Sci. Adv.

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“…Mare basalts were initially subdivided into three groups on the basis of the bulk TiO 2 contents: high‐Ti (>6 wt% TiO 2 ), low‐Ti (1–6 wt%), and very low‐Ti (<1 wt%) (Neal & Taylor, 1992). According to this classification scheme, the CE‐5 sample can be classified as a low‐Ti type (C. Li et al., 2022; Tian et al., 2021; D. Zhang et al., 2022). However, the CE‐5 soils have an olivine‐rich, ilmenite‐depleted characteristic in comparison with Apollo high‐Ti mare basalts (olivine: 0.1–4.6 vol%; ilmenite: 14.6–24.4 vol%; Neal & Taylor, 1992).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mare basalts were initially subdivided into three groups on the basis of the bulk TiO 2 contents: high-Ti (>6 wt% TiO 2 ), low-Ti (1-6 wt%), and very low-Ti (<1 wt%) (Neal & Taylor, 1992). According to this classification scheme, the CE-5 sample can be classified as a low-Ti type (C. Li et al, 2022;Tian et al, 2021;D. Zhang et al, 2022).…”

Section: Implication For Petrologic Variation Of Lunar Soilsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The CE‐5 lunar samples can be regarded as the weathering and mixing products of local rocks (∼91 wt%, Qian, Xiao, Head, & Wilson, 2021), with minimal ejecta materials from Harpalus, Copernicus, and Aristarchus craters (Qian, Xiao, Head, Wöhler, et al., 2021). Previous research (Che et al., 2021; He et al., 2022; Jiang et al., 2021; C. Li et al., 2022; Tian et al., 2021; D. Zhang et al., 2022) mainly focused on the bulk and silicate mineral chemistry of CE‐5 soils and basalt fragments, while new knowledge on the noncrystalline and pressure‐sensitive phases, as well as nonmare materials in the soils, is still insufficient. Here, using the micro‐Raman spectroscopic technique, we evaluate mineral chemistry, modal abundance, and shock effects of CE‐5 soils on the micron scale and constrain the source materials of these unique samples.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous research (Che et al, 2021;He et al, 2022;Jiang et al, 2021;C. Li et al, 2022;Tian et al, 2021;D. Zhang et al, 2022) mainly focused on the bulk and silicate mineral chemistry of CE-5 soils and basalt fragments, while new knowledge on the noncrystalline and pressure-sensitive phases, as well as nonmare materials in the soils, is still insufficient.…”

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confidence: 99%

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A Raman Spectroscopic and Microimage Analysis Perspective of the Chang'e‐5 Lunar Samples

Cao

Wang

et al. 2022

Geophysical Research Letters

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The Chang'e‐5 (CE‐5) materials represent the youngest returned lunar samples. We performed a detailed Raman spectroscopic survey (1259‐point Raman modal analysis) to evaluate the mineralogical characteristics of CE‐5 soils, constraining the source materials and shock effects of these unique samples. The mineral chemistry (e.g., Mg#3‐60 for mafic minerals) and modal abundance (first distinguishing basaltic and feldspathic glasses) of CE‐5 mare soils are different from those of Apollo high‐ and low‐Ti basalts, possibly representing an intermediate‐Ti mare basalt. The occurrence of minor Mg‐rich materials (Mg# > 70) provides evidence of contamination from ∼5% to 7% exogenous materials, possibly related to Mg‐suite rocks. The microimage analyses suggest that the CE‐5 soils are fine‐grained, mature, and unimodal particle‐size distribution, highlighting that micrometeorite reworking dominates the CE‐5 regolith evolution with minor mixing from nonmare materials. The pressure‐sensitive minerals (quartz and maskelynite) indicate that 17–25.8 GPa shock pressures might be the higher limit in a relatively young lunar terrain.

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Bulk compositions of the Chang’E-5 lunar soil: Insights into chemical homogeneity, exotic addition, and origin of landing site basalts

Zong

Wang

et al. 2022

Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta

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Titanium in olivine reveals low-Ti origin of the Chang'E-5 lunar basalts

Cited by 19 publications

References 42 publications

Fusible mantle cumulates trigger young mare volcanism on the cooling Moon

Fusible mantle cumulates trigger young mare volcanism on the cooling Moon

A Raman Spectroscopic and Microimage Analysis Perspective of the Chang'e‐5 Lunar Samples

Bulk compositions of the Chang’E-5 lunar soil: Insights into chemical homogeneity, exotic addition, and origin of landing site basalts

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