Titanium nitride as an electrocatalyst for V(II)/V(III) redox couples in all-vanadium redox flow batteries

Yang, Chunmei; Wang, Haining; Lu, Shanfu; Wu, Chunxiao; Liu, Yiyang; Tan, Qinglong; Liang, Dawei; Xiang, Yan

doi:10.1016/j.electacta.2015.09.155

Cited by 68 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…In a VRFB this resulted in 80.7% energy efficiency at 100 mA·cm −2 , 12.3% better than with pristine carbon paper at the negative electrode. TiN nanoparticles deposited on carbon paper have been examined as catalysts for the negative electrode in a VRFB [461]. A significant improvement in comparison to a negative electrode of plain carbon paper stable for more than 50 cycles was registered.…”

Section: Non-carbon Materials and Miscellaneous Conceptsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrocatalysis at Electrodes for Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries

Holze

2018

Batteries

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Flow batteries (also: redox batteries or redox flow batteries RFB) are briefly introduced as systems for conversion and storage of electrical energy into chemical energy and back. Their place in the wide range of systems and processes for energy conversion and storage is outlined. Acceleration of electrochemical charge transfer for vanadium-based redox systems desired for improved performance efficiency of these systems is reviewed in detail; relevant data pertaining to other redox systems are added when possibly meriting attention. An attempt is made to separate effects simply caused by enlarged electrochemically active surface area and true (specific) electrocatalytic activity. Because this requires proper definition of the experimental setup and careful examination of experimental results, electrochemical methods employed in the reviewed studies are described first.

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Section: Non-carbon Materials and Miscellaneous Conceptsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrocatalysis at Electrodes for Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries

Holze

2018

Batteries

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“…Many studies have attempted to improve the performance of RFBs by altering numerous design aspects of cells and stacks. Examples include thermal and chemical treatments of electrodes and separators [10,11], electrode modifications [12,13], perforating electrodes to decrease pressure drops [14] and addition of chemicals to the electrolyte [15,16]. One particular study investigated the effect of mechanical, electrical and morphological properties on compressed electrodes in VRFBs [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of felt compression on the performance and pressure drop of all-vanadium redox flow batteries

Brown

Neville

Jervis

et al. 2016

Journal of Energy Storage

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The compression of carbon felt electrodes for redox flow batteries leads to changes in the electrochemical performance and has a large effect on the pressure drop of electrolyte flow through the system. In this investigation, the authors have characterised the electrochemical performance of all-vanadium redox flow batteries by studying the effect of compression on the contact resistance, polarisation behaviour and efficiency. Contact resistance was seen to reduce from ca. 2.0 Ω cm 2 to 1.2 Ω cm 2 and an energy efficiency of 85% was obtained from a felt compressed to 75%. Moreover, X-ray computed tomography (CT) has been employed to study the microstructure of felt electrodes at compressions up to 70%, showing a linear decrease in porosity and a constant fibre surface areato-volume ratio. The pressure drop was modelled using computational fluid dynamics and employing the 3D structure of the felts obtained from CT, revealing that a 60% increase in compression related to a 44.5% increase in pressure drop.

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“…Titanium nitride (TiN) ceramic is one of the most widely used materials in the microelectronics industry . In the past decade, many areas and applications exploiting TiN were explored, including noncarbon support materials for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell electrocatalysts, bioelectrocatalytic and biosensor developments, counterelectrodes of dye‐sensitized solar cells, conversion of light into chemical energy in solar cells, an electrocatalyst for vanadium redox‐flow batteries, fabrication of a hybrid photodetector, etc. Uniquely, the TiN ceramic possesses both metallic and covalent bonds; these impart ceramic‐like properties, such as chemical and thermal stability, and metallike properties, such as high electrical conductivity and metallic reflectance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Grafting of Aminoethylphosphonic Acid Monolayers on Titanium Nitride: The Effect of Surface Pretreatments through Electrochemical‐Assisted Oxidation

Zeb

2016

Adv Materials Inter

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The surface of titanium nitride (TiN) contains, in addition to nitride compounds, a certain amount of native oxide. This oxide allows the functionalization of TiN with amine‐terminated groups through spontaneous self‐assembly of aminoethylphosphonic acid. However, real industrial applications of titanium nitride, particularly for microelectronics and electrochemistry, require the development of efficient methods to improve the aminoethylphosphonate loading while preserving the main intrinsic characteristics of the TiN substrate. It is demonstrated that surface pretreatment, by either electrochemical anodization or cleaning in H2O2:HCl:H2O mixture, considerably enhances the phosphonic loading. This is the first report on mild oxidation of TiN surface using an acidic peroxide mixture. This electrochemical‐assisted method does not require any electrochemical equipment, and works through simple immersion of the TiN surface in the cleaning solution at room temperature. Moreover, cleaning in this solution leads to a significantly increased quantity of the grafted phosphonate groups via uniform hydroxylation of the entire surface, without altering the behavior of the pristine TiN. The electrochemical anodization technique, which results in quasicomplete conversion of surface TiN compounds to TiO2 under our working conditions, needs further fundamental investigation towards incorporation of oxygen into the TiN lattice.

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Titanium nitride as an electrocatalyst for V(II)/V(III) redox couples in all-vanadium redox flow batteries

Cited by 68 publications

References 38 publications

Electrocatalysis at Electrodes for Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries

Electrocatalysis at Electrodes for Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries

The effect of felt compression on the performance and pressure drop of all-vanadium redox flow batteries

Grafting of Aminoethylphosphonic Acid Monolayers on Titanium Nitride: The Effect of Surface Pretreatments through Electrochemical‐Assisted Oxidation

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