Titanium tales

Tarselli, Michael A.

doi:10.1038/nchem.1656

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…pyrazinoporphrazine metal complexes, [3] despite its abundance in the Earth's crust and its similarity in ionic radius and coordination chemistry with iron (Fe III ). [4][5][6] In general, in oxidizing atmosphere, titanium exists as Ti(IV) and it can be coordinated by tetrapyrrole ligands as a titanyl unit (TiO 2+ ). [7][8][9][10] In this paper, we present the synthesis and the characterization of a series of ligands and Ti-based complexes of tetrakis-2,3-[5,6-di-R 8 -pyrazino]porphyrazine (R = H, 2-Py, Ph).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Titanium‐Based Tetrakis‐2,3‐[5,6‐di(Substituted)pyrazino]porphyrazine: Synthesis and Characterization

et al. 2020

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Tetrapyrazinoporphyrazine (TPysPz) ligands and metal complexes find, generally, application as electronic materials and catalysts. Considering the limited application of Titanium (Ti), we prepared and characterized a family of ligands and Ti-based complexes of tetrakis-2,3-[5,6-di-R 8-pyrazino]porphyrazine (R = H, 2-Py, Ph). UV/Vis measurements in different solvents confirm molecular aggregation, which results more pronounced in the presence of 2-pyridil and phenyl substituents on the macrocycle edge. Because of low solubility, solid state NMR was applied for structure characterization.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Titanium‐Based Tetrakis‐2,3‐[5,6‐di(Substituted)pyrazino]porphyrazine: Synthesis and Characterization

et al. 2020

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“…Titanium is a highly abundant element, widely recognized for its strength and long-term endurance and for these reasons it is incorporated in many different materials [1, 2]. Within the human body it is used for dental and orthopedic prosthetics [3, 4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring titanium(IV) chemical proximity to iron(III) to elucidate a function for Ti(IV) in the human body

Saxena

Loza-Rosas

Gaur

et al. 2018

Coordination Chemistry Reviews

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Despite its natural abundance and widespread use as food, paint additive, and in bone implants, no specific biological function of titanium is known in the human body. High concentrations of Ti(IV) could result in cellular toxicity, however, the absence of Ti toxicity in the blood of patients with titanium bone implants indicates the presence of one or more biological mechanisms to mitigate toxicity. Similar to Fe(III), Ti(IV) in blood binds to the iron transport protein serum transferrin (sTf)1, which gives credence to the possibility of its cellular uptake mechanism by transferrin-directed endocytosis. However, once inside the cell, how sTf bound Ti(IV) is released into the cytoplasm, utilized, or stored remain largely unknown. To explain the molecular mechanisms involved in Ti use in cells we have drawn parallels with those for Fe(III). Based on its chemical similarities with Fe(III), we compare the biological coordination chemistry of Fe(III) and Ti(IV) and hypothesize that Ti(IV) can bind to similar intracellular biomolecules. The comparable ligand affinity profiles suggest that at high Ti(IV) concentrations, Ti(IV) could compete with Fe(III) to bind to biomolecules and would inhibit Fe bioavailability. At the typical Ti concentrations in the body, Ti might exist as a labile pool of Ti(IV) in cells, similar to Fe. Ti could exhibit different types of properties that would determine its cellular functions. We predict some of these functions to mimic those of Fe in the cell and others to be specific to Ti. Bone and cellular speciation and localization studies hint toward various intracellular targets of Ti like phosphoproteins, DNA, ribonucleotide reductase, and ferritin. However, to decipher the exact mechanisms of how Ti might mediate these roles, development of innovative and more sensitive methods are required to track this difficult to trace metal in vivo.

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“…Titanium is found in most countries and is the ninth most abundant element in the Earth's crust (Tarselli, 2013). However, in its metallic form titanium is one of the world's scarcest and most expensive structural metals (Abkowitz et al, 1990;Woodruff and Bedinger, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This high cost is a consequence of the high production cost and low yield of metal (Bordbar, Yousefi, and Abedini, 2017). Titanium is not present in its metallic state in nature and the purification process is lengthy and expensive (Tarselli, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The fragmented nature of the titanium metal value chain

Roux

Lingen

Botha

et al. 2020

J. S. Afr. Inst. Min. Metall.

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SYNOPSIS This study investigates the fragmented nature of the global and local titanium metal value chains. South Africa has the fourth most abundant titanium reserves in the world. However, South Africa mainly exports titanium ore and imports value-added titanium products, which impacts the potential to derive more economic benefit from this resource. For South Africa to benefit from its titanium reserves, an understanding of the current fragmented nature of the global titanium value chain would assist in entering the global titanium industry. Information on the global and South African titanium value chains was collected by means of a desktop study. It was found that the leading countries operating within both the upstream and the downstream titanium industry are the USA, China, Japan, Russia, and Kazakhstan. The key drivers that caused fragmentation were identified as technology, markets, production costs, and the availability of titanium mineral reserves. An important outcome of this study is the identification of the local need for a technological foundation in support of downstream titanium processing to market-competitive titanium mill and powder products. Keywords: fragmentation, titanium, titanium value chain.

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Titanium tales

Cited by 5 publications

References 4 publications

Titanium‐Based Tetrakis‐2,3‐[5,6‐di(Substituted)pyrazino]porphyrazine: Synthesis and Characterization

Titanium‐Based Tetrakis‐2,3‐[5,6‐di(Substituted)pyrazino]porphyrazine: Synthesis and Characterization

Exploring titanium(IV) chemical proximity to iron(III) to elucidate a function for Ti(IV) in the human body

The fragmented nature of the titanium metal value chain

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