Titanylphthalocyanine as hole transporting material for perovskite solar cells

Sun, Meijun; Wang, Shirong; Xiao, Yin; Song, Zhihao; Zhao, Xiaoming

doi:10.1016/j.jechem.2015.10.020

Cited by 28 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Using chlorobenzene as the uptake solvent and no additives, an efficiency of 2.6% has been reported. Employing β‐TiOPc ( 109 ) as HTM in perovskite devices with a thickness of 40 nm and without doping resulted in a PCE of 5.05% . In 2016, CoPcNO 2 ‐OPh ( 110 ), a novel asymmetric phthalocyanine based HTM for PSCs was designed and synthesized by Guo et al Based on density functional theory calculation results, HOMO and LUMO energy levels of the HTM are −5.14 and −3.05 eV, respectively, which were influenced and adjusted by introduction of phenoxy and nitro groups.…”

Section: Dopant‐free Hole Transporting Materials For Pscsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dopant‐Free Hole Transporting Materials for Perovskite Solar Cells

Rezaee

Liu

et al. 2018

Solar RRL

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This article reviews various dopant-free hole transporting materials (HTMs) used in perovskite solar cells (PSCs) in three main categories including inorganic, polymeric, and small molecule HTMs. PSCs have undergone rapid progress, achieving power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) above 22%. With their low production cost and high efficiencies, PSCs are considered promising next-generation solar cell technology. In all developed architectures for PSCs, including planar and mesoscopic with conventional and inverted structures, HTMs play a significant role in determining the photovoltaic performance of PSCs. Using p-type dopants, however, is considered a common strategy to increase the hole conductivity of HTM, which is usually compensated by a more complicated fabrication procedure, higher production costs, and lower stability of PSC. Although several reviews on HTMs have been published, progress on dopant free HTMs needs to be reviewed and analyzed. Here, a review covering most of the published reports on dopantfree HTMs is presented, and the device structure and fabrication method, HTM layer deposition techniques, and the efficiency and the stability of PSCs are addressed during discussions in each main category. Finally, an outlook on stability and PCE growth in PSCs based on dopant-free HTMs is presented.

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Section: Dopant‐free Hole Transporting Materials For Pscsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dopant‐Free Hole Transporting Materials for Perovskite Solar Cells

Rezaee

Liu

et al. 2018

Solar RRL

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“…Im Rahmen dieser Studie lieferte β‐TiOPc (abgeschieden durch Verdampfung) einen höheren Wirkungsgrad als α‐TiOPc (abgeschieden durch Tempern in Lösungsmittel), wohl aufgrund der günstigeren Ladungstransferdynamiken. β‐TiOPc wurde ohne Dotierung eingesetzt und ergab bei einer Schichtdicke von 40 nm einen ermutigenden Wirkungsgrad von 5.05 % unter AM1.5G‐Bestrahlung, was mit Spiro‐OMeTAD unter gleichen Bedingungen vergleichbar ist . 14π‐aromatisches Subphthalocyanin ( 11 ) wurde ebenfalls eingesetzt und führte zu einem Wirkungsgrad von 6.6 %.…”

Section: Lochtransportmaterialien (Htms)unclassified

Lochtransportmaterialien für Perowskit‐Solarzellen

et al. 2016

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In Anbetracht des riesigen Bedarfs an erneuerbaren Energien sind in den letzten Jahren die Forschungen in der Photovoltaik intensiviert worden. Ein großer Durchbruch war die Entdeckung, dass Perowskite als Lichtsammler eingesetzt werden können. Der Wirkungsgrad von Perowskit‐Solarzellen liegt bereits in der Größenordnung etablierter Photovoltaiktechnologien (>22%), die über Jahrzehnte erforscht und optimiert wurden. Eine bislang unverzichtbare Komponente von Perowskit‐Solarzellen ist das Lochtransportmaterial (HTM). Perowskite leiten selbst ebenfalls Elektronenlöcher, da diese aber nur in geringen Mengen vorhanden sind, muss eine HTM‐Schicht verwendet werden, um eine effiziente Ladungsextraktion zu gewährleisten. Wir bieten hier einen Überblick über die verschiedenen Arten von organischen und anorganischen HTMs und hoffen damit, die weitere Erforschung und Optimierung dieser Materialien zu unterstützen.

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“…Various weak intermolecular π-electron and van der Waals interactions between adjacent TiOPc molecules bring about diverse crystal forms with different ordered and crystalline arrays [29]. The α-phase (triclinic) and β-phase (monoclinic) of TiOPc are the two important crystal forms used as photoactive materials in organic photodetectors [30][31][32]. By controlling the preparation conditions, different crystal forms of TiOPc can be obtained.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polymorph-induced photosensitivity change in titanylphthalocyanine revealed by the charge transfer integral

Xiao

Wang

et al. 2019

Nanophotonics

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The crystal form of semiconductor materials is keenly correlated with the photosensitivity of optoelectronic devices. Thus, understanding the crystal form-dependent photosensitivity mechanism is critical. In this work, the microemulsion phase transfer method was adopted to prepare α- and β-titanylphthalocyanine (TiOPc NPs) with an average diameter of 35 nm. The photosensitivity (E1/2) of α-TiOPc NPs was 2.73 times better than that of β-TiOPc NPs, which was characterized by photoconductors under the same measurement conditions. DFT was performed to explain the relationship between crystal form and photosensitivity by systematically calculating the charge transfer integrals for all possible dimers in the two different crystal forms. The hole and electron reorganization energies of TiOPc were respectively calculated to be 53.5 and 271.5 meV, revealing TiOPc to be a typical p-type semiconductor. The calculated total hole transfer mobility (μ+) ratio (2.83) of α- to β-TiOPc was almost identical to the experimental E1/2 ratio (2.73) and the calculated photogeneration quantum efficiency (ηe-h) ratio (2.23). In addition, the optimum hole transfer routes in the crystal of α- and β-TiOPc were all along with the [1 0 0] crystal orientation, which was determined by the calculated μ+. A high charge transfer mobility leads to a high photosensitive TiOPc crystal. Consequently, these results indicate that the selected theoretical calculation method is reasonable for indirectly explaining the relationship between crystal form and photosensitivity. The TiOPc molecular solid-state arrangements, namely, the crystal forms of TiOPc, have a strong influence on the charge transport behavior, which in turn, affects its photosensitivity.

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Titanylphthalocyanine as hole transporting material for perovskite solar cells

Cited by 28 publications

References 49 publications

Dopant‐Free Hole Transporting Materials for Perovskite Solar Cells

Dopant‐Free Hole Transporting Materials for Perovskite Solar Cells

Lochtransportmaterialien für Perowskit‐Solarzellen

Polymorph-induced photosensitivity change in titanylphthalocyanine revealed by the charge transfer integral

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