Tl3PbBr5: A possible crystal candidate for middle infrared nonlinear optics

Growth and characterization of pure and Pr3+-doped Cs4PbBr6 crystals

“…During the growth experiments, bubbles formation was noticed. Exactly like in the case of the other non-hygroscopic chloride and bromide KPb 2 Cl 5 and Tl 3 PbBr 5 single crystals that were recently grown with the same equipment, bubbles formed exclusively at the lower part of the crystals and only at their surface [12,18]. The characterization of the successive parts of the as-grown materials by means of powder XRD and DSC measurements proved to be in qualitative agreement with the phase diagram of Cola et al [19].…”

Crystal growth and characterization of the non-centrosymmetric compound Tl3PbCl5

“…Since the Tl 3+ valence state formation is not favored under HCl atmosphere [16], these bubbles might be due to gaseous PbCl 4 and H 2 emissions or a strong gas wetting on the silica ampoule. Unlike its Tl 3 PbBr 5 bromide counterpart [17], Tl 3 PbCl 5 does not change color upon exposition to visible light and UV radiation. This is in agreement with the higher Tl/Tl + and Pb/Pb 2+ reduction potentials in simple chlorides than in simple bromides [15,17].…”

“…Unlike its Tl 3 PbBr 5 bromide counterpart [17], Tl 3 PbCl 5 does not change color upon exposition to visible light and UV radiation. This is in agreement with the higher Tl/Tl + and Pb/Pb 2+ reduction potentials in simple chlorides than in simple bromides [15,17]. While visible light, and above all UV radiation, might be capable of inducing charge transfer between Br À and Pb 2+ and/or Tl + ions in Tl 3 PbBr 5 , hence counterbalancing the formation Gibbs free energy of these valence states, it seems unlikely to observe such effects in chlorides under the same visible and UV light irradiation conditions.…”

Rare-Earth-Doped Low Phonon Energy Halide Crystals for Mid-Infrared Laser Sources

“…Table 1. Laser-related crystallographic, thermal, mechanical, optical and spectroscopical properties of selected low phonon energy halide crystals [Aleksandrov et al, 2005;Atuchin et al, 2011;Cockroft et al, 1992;Doualan & Moncorgé, 2003;Ferrier et al, 2006aFerrier et al, , 2007Ferrier et al, , 2008aFerrier et al, , 2008bFerrier et al, , 2009aFerrier et al, , 2009bHeber et al, 2001;Isaenko et al, 2008Isaenko et al, , 2009aIsaenko et al, , 2009bMalkin et al, 2001;Mel'nikova et al, 2005;Merkulov et al, 2005;Neukum et al, 1994;Nostrand et al, 2001;Okhrimchuk et al, 2006;Popova et al, 2001;Quagliano et al, 1996;Ren et al, 2003;Singh et al, 2005;Velázquez et al, 2006aVelázquez et al, , 2006bVirey et al, 1998;Vtyurin et al, 2004Vtyurin et al, , 2006. (*) per lead type of crystallographic site.…”

“…The growth conditions of pure or RE 3+ -doped APb 2 X 5 (A=K,Rb ; X=Cl,Br) and Tl 3 PbX 5 (X=Cl,Br) single crystals for MIR laser and/or nonlinear optical applications have been exhaustively detailed in an impressive body of work [Amedzake et al, 2008;Atuchin et al, 2011;Bekenev et al, 2011;Condon et al, 2006b;Ferrier et al, 2006aFerrier et al, , 2006bGang et al, 2008;Isaenko et al, 2001;Nitsch et al, 1993Nitsch et al, , 1995aNitsch et al, , 1995bNitsch et al, , 2004Nitsch & Rodová 1999;Oyebola et al, 2010;Rodová et al, 1995;Roy et al, 2003;Singh et al, 2005;Tigréat et al, 2001;Velázquez et al, 2006aVelázquez et al, , 2006bVelázquez et al, , 2009Voda et al, 2004;Wang et al, 2007]. Special safety conditions for the manipulation of large amounts of TlCl or TlBr powders must be followed, but this does not entail insuperable difficulties [Peter & Viraraghavan, 2005].…”