2013
DOI: 10.4161/hv.27147
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TLR7 and 9 agonists are highly effective mucosal adjuvants for norovirus virus-like particle vaccines

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Cited by 30 publications
(21 citation statements)
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“…However, virosomes may not require the addition of adjuvants and so may be the more attractive of the two options as oral delivery vehicles [183]. Results in mice following intra-nasal application of Noravirus-based VLPs have been encouraging and will perhaps in time lend themselves to the oral route [184,185] although it may be essential to incorporate these lipid based systems in enteric capsule based formulations to enhance their oral effectiveness and protect them from the lipid digesting gastrointestinal environment.…”
Section: Virus-like Particlesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…However, virosomes may not require the addition of adjuvants and so may be the more attractive of the two options as oral delivery vehicles [183]. Results in mice following intra-nasal application of Noravirus-based VLPs have been encouraging and will perhaps in time lend themselves to the oral route [184,185] although it may be essential to incorporate these lipid based systems in enteric capsule based formulations to enhance their oral effectiveness and protect them from the lipid digesting gastrointestinal environment.…”
Section: Virus-like Particlesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…We speculate this variability due to non-uniform uptake of VLPs from the small intestine once released from the capsules 47 . Future studies should incorporate permeation enhancers such as surfactants or fatty acids, or a mucosal adjuvant, along with enteric protection to the orally delivered VLPs vaccines 48, 49 .…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…120 Recently, it has been shown that the i.n delivery of virus like particles (VLPs) in combination with TLR7 or TLR9 agonists led to a significantly better dose-sparing effects than TLR3, TLR5 or TLR8 agonists for the induction of specific and functional antibody responses in the respiratory, gastrointestinal, and reproductive tracts. 121 Chitosan microparticles and cationic chitosan derivatives are obtained from natural crab shells, composed of chitin derivatives, and are potent activators of macrophages and NK cells. Their administration by the i.n route combined with antigen induced high levels of IgA in the serum of mice and non-human primates.…”
Section: Mucosal Adjuvantsmentioning
confidence: 99%