Tm3+–Ho3+ and Tm3+–Tb3+ energy transfer in tellurite glass

Role of PbO substitution by Bi2O3 on 1.47μm luminescence properties of Tm3+/Tb3+-doped Bi2O3–GeO2–Ga2O3 glass

“…The lifetime of 3 H 4 level slightly decrease from 0.209 to 0.149 ms, which have 28.7% of change with the increase of Tb 3+ concentration from 0.0 to 0.6 mol%. It is reported that the lifetime of Tm 3+ ion 3 F 4 state can achieve 95% of reduction for incorporating Tb 3+ comparing to that without Tb 3+ [11]. Therefore, it is evident that Tb 3+ can effectively improve the 1.47-m luminescence.…”

“…However, the lifetime of the terminal 3 F 4 level of Tm 3+ is longer than that of the initial 3 H 4 level for 1.47-m emission, and the energy gap between 3 H 4 and 3 H 5 level is only 4300 cm −1 [6], so that a strong multiphonon relaxation easily happen, which make it difficult to realize the population inversion between the 3 H 4 and 3 F 4 [8][9][10]. Therefore, a technique that codoping with a deactivator ion to selectively reduce the lifetime of 3 F 4 level is necessary and has been used to improve the intensity of 1.47-m luminescence [8][9][10][11]. On the other hand, materials with lower phonon energy are required as a luminescent host to suppress the non-radiative loss from 3 based on Ga 2 O 3 -Bi 2 O 3 -PbO system has attracted much interest for photo-electronic applications due to their excellent optical properties, such as the good transparency (∼8 m), the low phonon energy (∼550 cm −1 ), the high refractive index (∼2.3), and the good glass stability and chemical durability [12][13][14][15][16].…”

Investigation of 2.0μm emission in Tm3+ and Ho3+ co-doped oxyfluoride tellurite glass

“…Ever since Johson [4] had reported the first laser behavior at 2.0 mm from Ho 3+ -doped CaWO 4 crystal in 1962, considerable researches have been made on investigation of spectroscopic and lasing properties of Ho 3+ -doped various crystals and glasses [5][6][7][8].…”

Effect of hydroxyl groups on Er3+-doped bismuth-borate glass and fiber

“…5. The nonradiative energy transfer efficiency is given by [14] Z ¼ 1 À t m t (4) where t m is the measured fluorescence lifetime of the Er 3+ : 4 I 13/2 level in sample glasses and t the lifetime of sample glasses with OH À groups free, which can be obtained from Fig. 3 and Table 2, respectively.…”