Tmic-16. Tumor-Infiltrating Myeloid Cells Mediate Adaptive Immune Resistance in Glioblastoma

rWTC‐MBTA Vaccine Induces Potent Adaptive Immune Responses Against Glioblastomas via Dynamic Activation of Dendritic Cells

“…Instead, PDL1 expression was elevated in the M2 macrophages of the vaccine group in both models (Figure S5D,E, and Figure S7F,G, Supporting Information), which is consistent with DC vaccine treatment. [ 39 ] DC vaccine treatments expanded a PDL1‐expressing tumor‐infiltrating myeloid cell population via IFNγ, and a significant survival benefit of the GL261 GBM model was obtained in DC vaccination when combined with anti‐PD1 monoclonal antibody blockade and/or a colony‐stimulating factor 1 receptor inhibitor. [ 39 ] 4) We did not observe significant changes in the T cell exhaustion markers in the GBM tumors of the vaccinated mice, except for increased TIM3 expression in CD8+ T cells in both GL261 and SB28 models (Figure S4 and S8, Supporting Information).…”

“…[ 39 ] DC vaccine treatments expanded a PDL1‐expressing tumor‐infiltrating myeloid cell population via IFNγ, and a significant survival benefit of the GL261 GBM model was obtained in DC vaccination when combined with anti‐PD1 monoclonal antibody blockade and/or a colony‐stimulating factor 1 receptor inhibitor. [ 39 ] 4) We did not observe significant changes in the T cell exhaustion markers in the GBM tumors of the vaccinated mice, except for increased TIM3 expression in CD8+ T cells in both GL261 and SB28 models (Figure S4 and S8, Supporting Information). 5) The increased CD4+ and CD8+ T cells are mainly distributed to the peripheral area of SB28 tumors in the vaccine group, indicating that lymphocyte infiltration is also a big obstacle for immunotherapies in “cold” GBMs like the SB28 model.…”