“…A series of omics analyses have been performed in PAs to reach our long-term goals that clarify molecular mechanisms and discover effective biomarkers and therapeutic targets for PAs ( Zhan and Desiderio, 2010a ; Long et al, 2019 ; Cheng et al, 2019 ; Wang Y. et al, 2019 ), including NFPA quantitative transcriptomics (differentially expressed genes, DEGs) ( Moreno et al, 2005 ; Cheng et al, 2019 ), NFPA quantitative proteomics (differentially expressed proteins, DEPs) ( Moreno et al, 2005 ), NFPA proteomic mapping ( Zhan and Desiderio, 2003 ; Wang X. et al, 2015 ; Cheng et al, 2019 ), NFPA nitroproteomics ( Zhan and Desiderio, 2006 ), invasive NFPA quantitative transcriptomics ( Galland et al, 2010 ; Zhou et al, 2011 ; Wang Y. et al, 2019 ), invasive NFPA quantitative proteomics ( Zhan et al, 2014b ), control pituitary proteomic mapping ( Beranova-Giorgianni et al, 2002 ; Giorgianni et al, 2003 ; Zhao et al, 2005 ), pituitary control nitroproteomics ( Zhan and Desiderio, 2004 ; Zhan and Desiderio, 2007 ), control pituitary phosphoproteomics ( Giorgianni et al, 2004 ; Beranova-Giorgianni et al, 2006 ), PRL-secreting adenoma proteomics and transcriptomics ( Evans et al, 2008 ), and ACTH-secreting adenoma proteomics and metabolomics ( Feng et al, 2018 ). Integrative analysis of these omics data has revealed some important signaling pathway network alterations in PA pathogenesis, including mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, cell cycle dysregulation, and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway alteration ( Zhan and Desiderio, 2010a ; Long et al, 2019 ).…”