Tn4001: A gentamicin and kanamycin resistance transposon in Staphylococcus aureus

The number and diversity of known prokaryotic insertion sequences (IS) have increased enormously since their discovery in the late 1960s. At present the sequences of more than 4000 different IS have been deposited in the specialized ISfinder database. Over time it has become increasingly apparent that they are important actors in the evolution of their host genomes and are involved in sequestering, transmitting, mutating and activating genes, and in the rearrangement of both plasmids and chromosomes. This review presents an overview of our current understanding of these transposable elements (TE), their organization and their transposition mechanism as well as their distribution and genomic impact. In spite of their diversity, they share only a very limited number of transposition mechanisms which we outline here. Prokaryotic IS are but one example of a variety of diverse TE which are being revealed due to the advent of extensive genome sequencing projects. A major conclusion from sequence comparisons of various TE is that frontiers between the different types are becoming less clear. We detail these receding frontiers between different IS-related TE. Several, more specialized chapters in this volume include additional detailed information concerning a number of these.In a second section of the review, we provide a detailed description of the expanding variety of IS, which we have divided into families for convenience. Our perception of these families continues to evolve and families emerge regularly as more IS are identified. This section is designed as an aid and a source of information for consultation by interested specialist readers.

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“…IS256 itself was originally isolated as a component of the compound transposon Tn4001 (201,202). This family is quite homogeneous.…”

Section: Is256mentioning

confidence: 99%

Everyman's Guide to Bacterial Insertion Sequences

et al. 2015

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“…Two strains of 'other coagulase-negative staphylococci' that were highly resistant to trimethoprim were identified as S. hominis type I by the API Staph system. S. aureus strains carrying plasmids for use as size standards, and plasmid-free strains of S. aureus (SA113, SK982) used as recipients in DNA transfer experiments, have been described previously (Lyon et al, 19846;Tennent et al, 1986). A description of the S. aureus plasmids and strains examined in this study is presented in table I; plasmid pSKl is representative of a family of S. aureus multiresistance plasmids which range in size from 20 to 42 Kb and principally encode resistance to antiseptics or disinfectants and to aminoglycoside antibiotics (Gillespie et al, 19876).…”

Section: Bacterial Strains and Plasmidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trimethoprim resistance determinants encoding a dihydrofolate reductase in clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci

Tennent

Young

Lyon

et al. 1988

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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“…aureus strains RN2424 and RN2442, carrying the plasmids pT 18 1 and pE 194 respectively, were kindly provided by R. P. Novick (Public Health Research Institute of the City of New York). Strain SK982, the restriction-deficient recipient strain employed in mixed culture transfers, carries chromosomal resistance to novobiocin and rifampicin and was constructed in this laboratory (Lyon, May and Skurray, 19846).…”

Section: Staphylococcus Aureus Strainsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibiotic Resistance in Staphylococcus Aureus Isolated at an Australian Hospital between 1946 and 1981

Gillespie¹,

May²,

Skurray

1985

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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SUMMARY.A total of 517 strains of Staphylococcus aureus isolated at a hospital in Melbourne, Australia between 1946 and 198 1 was examined for resistance to a range of antimicrobial agents and for the presence of plasmid DNA. The use of mixed-culture transfer and restriction endonuclease analysis showed that the determinants for resistance to penicillin and to the heavy metals were carried by several related plasmids of (15-23) x lo6 mol. wt, and that tetracycline resistance was encoded on a plasmid of 2.8 x 1 O6 mol. wt in strains isolated before 1970. These phenotypes were chromosomally encoded in the majority of strains isolated thereafter. Resistance to chloramphenicol throughout the study period was plasmid-mediated. Of five aminoglycoside-resistance phenotypes, one was plasmid-mediated and three were chromosomally encoded. The remaining phenotype, specifying low-level gentamicin resistance, was found to be located on the chromosome of early isolates, but in later strains was borne by an 18 x lo6 mol. wt plasmid which also encoded resistance to quaternary ammonium compounds.

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Tn4001: A gentamicin and kanamycin resistance transposon in Staphylococcus aureus

Cited by 169 publications

References 11 publications

Everyman's Guide to Bacterial Insertion Sequences

Everyman's Guide to Bacterial Insertion Sequences

Trimethoprim resistance determinants encoding a dihydrofolate reductase in clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci

Antibiotic Resistance in Staphylococcus Aureus Isolated at an Australian Hospital between 1946 and 1981

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