TNM staging and classification (familial and nonfamilial) of breast cancer in Jordanian females

Atoum, MF; Hourani, HM; Shoter, Ali M.; Al-Raheem, S.N.; Muhrib, TK Al

doi:10.4103/0019-509x.63022

Cited by 10 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…All females were histopathologically diagnosed with malignant or benign breast cancer. All breast cancer cases were staged from I to IV depending on the combination of Tumor, Node, Metastasis classification according to the National Cancer Institute and National Institutes of Health (USA) and revised by the American Joint Committee on Cancer staging system for breast cancer [21]. …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of Alanine-Valine Manganese Superoxide Dismutase Gene Polymorphism and Microheterogeneity Manganese Superoxide Dismutase Activity in Breast Cancer and Benign Breast Tissue

et al. 2012

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PurposeAlthough the etiology of breast cancer is multifactorial, oxidative stress plays an important role in carcinogenesis. In this study, manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) gene polymorphism and activity were evaluated in benign and breast cancer tissue.MethodsOne hundred and one females were enrolled in this study, 65 who were histopathologically diagnosed with breast cancer and 46 who were benign patients. MnSOD enzyme activity was determined using an indirect competitive inhibition assay and MnSOD gene polymorphism using poly merase chain reaction and agarose gel electrophoresis.ResultsMnSOD enzymatic activity (79.83±42.14) was lower in breast cancer tissue compared to benign tumors (236.18±46.37). At the same time, MnSOD enzymatic activity among Ala/Val patients was significantly lower in breast cancer tissue (39.19±7.33) than in Val/Val malignant breast tumors tissue (96.9±22.9). MnSOD enzymatic activity was significantly lower in Val/Val cancer tissue (96.9±22.9) than in benign tissue (255.44±42.7).ConclusionBreast cancer tumors contain less MnSOD than benign breast samples. Patients with Ala/Val polymorphism had reduced MnSOD activity compared to patients with Val/Val breast cancer. Ala/Val gene polymorphism may be a risk factor associated with more advanced breast cancer stage. MnSOD gene polymorphism Ala/Val may be a risk factor associated with more advanced breast cancer stage, and reduction of MnSOD activity may be a mechanism of the progression of benign to malignant tumors. Further investigations are needed to evaluate the role of MnSOD in breast cancer progression.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of Alanine-Valine Manganese Superoxide Dismutase Gene Polymorphism and Microheterogeneity Manganese Superoxide Dismutase Activity in Breast Cancer and Benign Breast Tissue

et al. 2012

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“…7 Breast cancer makes up 25% of all new cancer diagnoses in women globally. 8 Although age, genetics, family history, 9,10 and reproductive factors are considered as well-known risk factors for breast cancer incidence, 11,12 alcohol drinking, smoking, excess body weight, vitamin D, 13-15 and physical inactivity may be considered as modifiable risk factors (represent 20% of breast cancers risk factors). However, to reduce breast cancer incidence, many lifestyle changes are necessary.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Linkage Between Obesity Leptin and Breast Cancer

Atoum

Alzoughool

Al-Hourani

2020

Breast Cancer�(Auckl)

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Many cancers might be influenced by obesity, including breast cancer, the leading cause of cancer death among women. Obesity is a complex state associated with multiple physiological and molecular changes capable of modulating the behavior of breast tumor cells and the surrounding microenvironment. This review discussed the inverse association between obesity and breast cancer among premenopausal breast cancer females and the positive association among postmenopausal. Four mechanisms may link obesity and breast cancer including leptin and leptin receptor expression, adipose chronic inflammation, sex hormone alternation, and insulin and insulinlike growth factor 1 (IGF-1) signaling. Leptin has been involved in breast cancer initiation, development, and progression through signaling transduction network. Leptin functions are strengthened through cross talk with multiple oncogenes, cytokines, and growth factors. Adipose chronic inflammation promotes cancer growth and angiogenesis and modifies the immune responses. A pro-inflammatory microenvironment at tumor site promotes cytokines and pro-inflammatory mediators adjacent to the tumor. Leptin stimulates pro-inflammatory cytokines and promotes T-helper 1 responses. Obesity is common of chronic inflammation. In obese patients, white adipose tissue (WAT) will promote pro-inflammatory mediators that will encourage tumor growth and WAT inflammation. Sex hormone alternation of estrogens is associated with increased risk for hormone-sensitive breast cancers. Estrogens cause tumorigenesis by its effect on signaling pathways that lead to DNA damage, stimulation angiogenesis, mutagenesis, and cell proliferation. In postmenopausal females, and due to termination of ovarian function, estrogens were produced extra gonadally, mainly in peripheral adipose tissues where adrenal-produced androgen precursors are converted to estrogens. Active estradiol leads to breast cancer development by binding to ERα, which is modified by receptor’s interaction of various signal transduction pathways. Hyperinsulinemia and IGF-1 activate the MAPK and PI3K pathways, leading to cancer-promoting effects. Cross talk between insulin/IGF and estrogen signaling pathways promotes hormone-sensitive breast cancer development. Hyperinsulinemia is a risk factor for breast cancer that explains the obesity-breast cancer association. Controlling IGF-1 level and targeting IGF-1 receptors among different breast cancer subtypes may be useful for breast cancer treatment. This review discussed several leptin signaling pathways, highlighting the potential advantage of targeting leptin as a potential target of the novel therapeutic strategies for breast cancer treatment.

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“…International review board approval was obtained from the Hashemite University international review board committee and signed consent forms were obtained from all patients. All clinical samples were staged according to Atoum et al 21 …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduction in breast cancer susceptibility due to <em>XbaI</em> gene polymorphism of alpha estrogen receptor gene in Jordanians

Atoum

Alzoughool

2017

BCTT

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Breast cancer is a global health concern among women worldwide. Estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) mediates diverse polymorphic effects in breast tissues that may relate to breast cancer susceptibility. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of −397 PvuII (T/C) and −351 XbaI (A/G) restriction fragment length polymorphism within intron 1 of ERα, and its effect on breast cancer susceptibility. A total of 156 women who were histopathologically diagnosed with breast cancer and 142 healthy Jordanian women were enrolled in this case–control study. Genomic DNA was extracted from whole peripheral blood, and the desired fragment was amplified using polymerase chain reaction followed by restriction digestion with PvuII and XbaI restriction enzymes. The results showed no significant association between PvuII polymorphism and breast cancer risk. However, a significant association was found between XbaI polymorphism and reduction in breast cancer risk within the “x” allele of heterozygotes (odds ratio [OR] 0.199, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.09–0.044) and heterozygotes (OR 0.208, 95% CI 0.09–0.047). The combined analysis of PvuII and XbaI polymorphisms revealed a synergistic effect of Pp/Xx and pp/xx genotypes and a significant reduction in breast cancer risk with these genotypes. The results also showed no statistical differences among PvuII or XbaI polymorphisms based on stage, ER, progesterone receptor and expression of hormone receptor such as human epidermal growth factor receptor 2. This case–control study showed that XbaI polymorphism of alpha estrogen gene modified and reduced breast cancer susceptibility among Jordanians.

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TNM staging and classification (familial and nonfamilial) of breast cancer in Jordanian females

Cited by 10 publications

References 12 publications

Association of Alanine-Valine Manganese Superoxide Dismutase Gene Polymorphism and Microheterogeneity Manganese Superoxide Dismutase Activity in Breast Cancer and Benign Breast Tissue

Association of Alanine-Valine Manganese Superoxide Dismutase Gene Polymorphism and Microheterogeneity Manganese Superoxide Dismutase Activity in Breast Cancer and Benign Breast Tissue

Linkage Between Obesity Leptin and Breast Cancer

Reduction in breast cancer susceptibility due to <em>XbaI</em> gene polymorphism of alpha estrogen receptor gene in Jordanians

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