To Belong in Aotearoa New Zealand: Latin American Migrant Experiences in Multicultural Auckland

Multidimensional, complex and contingent: Exploring international PhD students’ social mobility

“…Alongside the history of colonization and settler society, immigrant recruitment has been the part of the nation-building project in New Zealand (Spoonley, 2015). Until the 1950s, immigrants were predominantly from countries such as Ireland and the UK due to ‘a range of restrictions based on a colonial model and racist ideologies’ (Dürr, 2011: 506). After the 1950s, immigration shifted from a ‘racial to an economic focused’ system (Spoonley, 2015).…”

“…After the 1950s, immigration shifted from a ‘racial to an economic focused’ system (Spoonley, 2015). In the post-war period, the flow of European migration was destabilized by a flux of non-British, semi-skilled and unskilled labor mobility primarily from the Pacific Islands (Dürr, 2011; Simon-Kumar, 2015; Spoonley, 2015). Simon-Kumar (2015: 1172) explains that ‘[s]ince the mid-1980s, immigration policy in New Zealand has clearly worked towards neoliberal goals of attracting skilled labour and boosting economic productivity’.…”

“…In the New Zealand context, non-white (im)migrants’ sense of belonging, social positions and identity construction are often mediated through the foundational framework, policy and dominant discourse of biculturalism (Butcher et al., 2006: 27; Dürr, 2011; Simon-Kumar, 2015). The commitment to biculturalism, as opposed to the framing of multiculturalism (as is the case in other settler countries like Australia and Canada), as a state ideology in New Zealand has created a sense of exclusion and inclusion particularly for the non-European/non-white (im)migrants (see Simon-Kumar, 2015).…”

“…(2020: 186) noted, non-European migrants’ sense of belonging in New Zealand is a fluid, dynamic and a negotiated process. It is a particularly complex, flux, multilayered and often conflicting process for those living in superdiverse cities like Auckland 3 (Spoonley, 2015; see also Dürr, 2011; Liu, 2014). Indeed, a combination of factors such as recognitions, discourses and actions of racism and other forms of discrimination can influence (im)migrants’ sense of belonging and identity (Butcher, 2002; Butcher et al, 2017; Liu, 2014).…”

Community Integration and Participation: The role of the social network in Latin American migrants in a rural province (Teruel, Spain) [Integración y participación comunitaria: el rol de las redes sociales en los inmigrantes latinoamericanos en una provin

“…the family) and size (usually small, to begin with), and their capacity for regeneration and recuperation is an indicator of the success of the processes of integration and community participation (Maya, 2009). Latin American migrant experiences in different contexts, as for example self-positioning in the wider social matrix and their perceived forms of inclusion, are shaped by political ideas, class and economic opportunities (Durr, 2011).…”