To cooperate or not to cooperate? An analysis of cooperation and peer punishment among Syrian refugees, Germans, and Jordanians

El-Bialy, Nora; Aranda, Elisa Fraile; Nicklisch, Andreas; Saleh, Lamis; Voigt, Stefan

doi:10.1016/j.joep.2022.102484

Cited by 6 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Opportunities for active and safe interactions between refugees and original members of the host country might reduce intergroup discrimination, while boosting intergroup trust. However, Syrian refugee adults found that they favored in-group members compared with outgroup members (El-Bialy et al, 2022). Such an attitude may be helpful for promoting in-group coherence, but an extreme preference for in-group members might hinder their integration into the host society.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In the face of adversity: Refugee children’s traumatic stressors, trust, and prosocial behavior

Song,

Malti

2023

International Journal of Behavioral Development

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This study investigated the relationship between traumatic life stress, trust, and prosocial behavior as a positive mental health outcome in Syrian refugee children in Canada. Trust is a resilience factor shown to promote adjustment after resettlement. The specific goals of the study were to test the influence of refugee children’s traumatic life stress on their prosocial behavior and the mediating role of trust in this link. Five- to 12-year-old Syrian refugee children ( N = 124) and their caregivers ( N = 51) who recently resettled in Canada participated in this study. Children retrospectively reported their experiences of traumatic life stressors, and caregivers reported their children’s current level of trust and prosocial behavior using questionnaires. Traumatic life stress (e.g., witnessing violence and conflict, separation from family, death of family members) was negatively related to refugee children’s trust in others, while trust was related to more prosocial behaviors, confirming its mediating role. These results suggest that experiencing more traumatic life stressors is associated with less prosocial behaviors as a positive mental health outcome through lower levels of trust. The current findings suggest that fostering trust may be a promising avenue for intervention to promote prosocial behavior and resilience in refugee children who are resettling in a new society.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In the face of adversity: Refugee children’s traumatic stressors, trust, and prosocial behavior

Song,

Malti

2023

International Journal of Behavioral Development

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“…In a meta-analysis based on 16 studies on the impact of war exposure on cooperation (including self-reported behaviour as well as experimental games), Bauer and colleagues [ 52 ] find evidence of an increase in various dimensions of cooperation and prosocial behaviour: individuals who have experienced wartime conflict tend to show a positive association with post-war in-group cooperation, an increase in political engagement, in participation in elections and in knowledge of politics [ 52 ]. Further, scholars analysed the relations between specific behaviour (e.g., voluntary cooperation) and socio-demographics of refugees [ 54 , 55 ]. Most recently, a study explored the effects of violence on fairness preferences in Eastern Ukraine, pointing to the short-term destabilizing effects of conflict on prosocial preferences with potential long-term consequences [ 56 ].…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

High self-selection of Ukrainian refugees into Europe: Evidence from Kraków and Vienna

Kohlenberger,

Buber-Ennser,

Pędziwiatr

et al. 2023

PLoS ONE

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Almost eight million Ukrainians have fled their country to escape the Russian full-scale invasion. To provide empirical evidence on how beneficiaries of temporary protection who reside in the immediate proximity of Ukraine differ from those who went further and reside in Western European countries, two large-scale rapid-response surveys were conducted in Kraków, Poland, and Vienna, Austria, in spring 2022. Data include information on socio-demographic characteristics, human capital, and return intentions of 472 and 1,094 adult Ukrainian refugees in Poland and Austria, respectively. Contributing to the growing empirical evidence on consistent assortative patterns in refugee inflows into Europe, our findings show that regularities in patterns of self-selection also occur in forced migration contexts where legal routes to safety apply. According to the analysed convenience sample, a tentative conclusion is that the further Ukrainian refugees moved to the West, the more self-selected they tend to be in the key dimensions of formal educational attainment, previous employment, language skills, and urbanity. Results indicate that willingness to stay in Kraków is significantly lower than willingness to remain in Vienna. This suggests that public financial support and living conditions, rather than diaspora networks, are decisive factors in shaping the decision to stay, move to another location or return to Ukraine. The aim to start a new life elsewhere may drive the motivation to choose a more distant destination instead of a neighboring country that allows to return rather quickly. Host countries should be aware of these specific characteristics of their refugee populations and adapt their integration policies accordingly.

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“…Trust is particularly important in light of immigrants arriving in a foreign culture, because cooperation is often more pronounced within groups than between groups (e.g., Goette et al, 2006 ; Ruffle and Sosis, 2006 ; Masuda, 2012 ; Balliet et al, 2014 ; El-Bialy et al, 2022 ). Moreover, cooperation is likely to be higher between groups that perceive each other as more similar than between very distinct groups ( Froehlich et al, 2021 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To foster cohesion in a diverse society—for example in a country that has accepted refugees from various other countries—shared expectations of each other’s trustworthiness are thus vital. Therefore, trust is often highlighted as the key to the future of refugees in the host society ( Hynes, 2009 ; Strang and Ager, 2010 ; Strang and Quinn, 2021 ; El-Bialy et al, 2022 ). When refugees trust members of the host society and vice versa, refugees are better able to build up their social networks and contribute to the host society.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The existing literature on the integration of refugees so far has often focused on the attitudes of host country citizens toward refugees (e.g., Lazarev and Sharma, 2017 ; Adida et al, 2018 ; Böhm et al, 2018 ; Hassan et al, 2019 ; Fiedler et al, 2021 ). Studies with a focus on the refugees’ behavior have examined social preferences like altruism ( El-Bialy et al, 2020 ), risk preferences ( El-Bialy et al, 2020 ), honesty ( El-Bialy et al, 2021a ), punishment behavior ( El-Bialy et al, 2021b ) and cooperation ( El-Bialy et al, 2022 ). Very few studies investigate trust.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Trauma and Trust: How War Exposure Shapes Social and Institutional Trust Among Refugees

Hall

Werner

2022

Front. Psychol.

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The brutal wars in Iraq, Syria and now Ukraine have caused a massive influx of refugees to Europe. Turkey alone has received more than 4.8 million refugees. An important precondition for their economic and social incorporation is trust: refugees need to trust the citizens as well as the state and the justice system to find their place in the host country. Yet refugees’ propensity to trust may be affected by cultural differences between their home and host countries, their personal conflict exposure and the experiences they had on the run. This study investigates how individual differences in exposure to armed conflict and institutional breakdown shape two types of trust among refugees: Generalized social trust and trust in the institutions of the settlement country. We survey a large and diverse sample of refugees from Syria and Iraq living in Turkish communities and deploy well-established measures of conflict exposure, posttraumatic stress, and posttraumatic growth. We find that higher degrees of conflict exposure are positively related to social trust, and to trust in courts and the police. These positive findings are largely driven by refugees who had very personal and emotionally powerful experiences. The psychological mechanism of posttraumatic growth cannot explain these findings, however, suggesting positive experiences of cooperation in the midst of war and displacement are potentially a better explanation for this finding than positive psychological changes resulting from trauma. At the same time, conflict exposure is negatively related to trust in political institutions. Posttraumatic stress may be the mechanism behind this result. We discuss the implications of these findings for the integration of war refugees—a topic that is tragically of great relevance today.

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To cooperate or not to cooperate? An analysis of cooperation and peer punishment among Syrian refugees, Germans, and Jordanians

Cited by 6 publications

References 39 publications

In the face of adversity: Refugee children’s traumatic stressors, trust, and prosocial behavior

In the face of adversity: Refugee children’s traumatic stressors, trust, and prosocial behavior

High self-selection of Ukrainian refugees into Europe: Evidence from Kraków and Vienna

Trauma and Trust: How War Exposure Shapes Social and Institutional Trust Among Refugees

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