“…Essential competencies in media literacy programs (Hobbs, 2010) should include skills and constructs such as access, analysis and utilization, creation, reflection, and action. Previous research has highlighted that media education should discuss easy access to media (Olson & Pollard, 2004), balance “empowerment” and “protectionist” orientations (Sekariashih, McDermott, O’Malley, Olsen, & Scharrer, 2016), provide usage skills and content creation skills (Sekariashih et al, 2016), not discourage healthy media use or exposure (Sekariashih et al, 2016), and provide the tools needed to compare and contrast media from different cultures and countries (Hobbs, 2010). Media education should likewise provide an avenue for consumers to question the intentions and contents of media that they consume (Ey, 2014; Rodesiler, 2010) and aim to ensure that consumers do not perceive media as reflecting the real world (Robillard, 2012).…”