Standing in the furthest south-western corner of Britain, Cornwall has long been a quite remarkable place. This article seeks to explore the self-perceptions of the Cornish gentry, those proprietors who dominated the peninsula, while employing the county's history as a way into the vexing subject of gentry and county identity in late medieval England at large. Arguing that myths, saints, government and lordship all endowed the name and notion of Cornwall with authority in the minds of its inhabitants, the article seeks to show how a richly interwoven range of loyalties and associations, ranging from sub-county localism to regnal solidarity, all influenced the identity of the Cornish elite.