To See or not to See, that is the Question: Geoinformation Visualisation Tools as a Means to Facilitate Stakeholder Dialogues in Land and Water Management Planning

Integrative Theory of Reflexive Dialogues

“…Kolb´s learning cycle or the learning loops of Argyris and Schön) and their practical application in stakeholder dialogues in natural resource management (e.g. GIS-assisted learning in planning), see Chapter 6 (Maarleveld et al 2006). …”

“…This approach was heavily criticised as being socially undesirable and practically infeasible (Lindblom 1959). The rational comprehensive planning approach neglected the multitude of conflicting 6 Some of these and other important theories that relate to stakeholder dialogues in natural resources management are discussed (in more detail) in Chapters 3 -6 , Oels 2006, Scheffran 2006, Maarleveld et al 2006) of this book.…”

“…Some of the more interesting theories, which can only be named here, include post-normal science (see Chapter 7) and theories of power. Some of these, and other important theories that relate to stakeholder dialogues in natural resources management, are discussed in more detail in Chapter 3 of Berghöfer and Berghöfer (2006), Chapter 4 of Oels (2006), Chapter 5 of Scheffran (2006), and Chapter 6 of Maarleveld et al (2006) of this book. All these Chapters (3 -6) as well as Chapter 1 mention the "Tragedy of the Commons" (Hardin 1968) as an important starting point for stakeholder dialogues in natural resources management.…”