To sleep or not to sleep, that is the question: A systematic review and meta-analysis on the effect of post-trauma sleep on intrusive memories of analog trauma

Michael, Tanja; Lüder, Charina C.; Porcheret, Kate; Hu, Xin; Margraf, Jürgen; Michael, Tanja; Holmes, Emily A.; Werner, Gabriela G.; Wilhelm, Ines; Woud, Marcella L.; Zeng, Shengzi; Friesen, Edith; Haim-Nachum, Shilat; Lass‐Hennemann, Johanna; Lieb, Klaus; Kunzler, Angela; Wirth, Benedikt; Sopp, M. Roxanne

doi:10.1016/j.brat.2023.104359

Behaviour Research and Therapy

2023

DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2023.104359

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To sleep or not to sleep, that is the question: A systematic review and meta-analysis on the effect of post-trauma sleep on intrusive memories of analog trauma

Tanja Michael

Charina C. Lüder

Kate Porcheret

et al.

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2024

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Cited by 6 publications

References 122 publications

(146 reference statements)

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Does Sleep Reduce Intrusive Memories After Analogue Trauma? Recent Findings of Experimental Sleep Manipulations Using the Trauma Film Paradigm

Ogden,

Jobson,

Drummond

2024

Curr Sleep Medicine Rep

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Purpose of Review Intrusive memories are common in the aftermath of trauma, and these can develop into a pervasive, distressing symptom of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Sleep disturbances have been shown to contribute to later development and maintenance of overall PTSD symptoms, including intrusive memories of trauma. This paper summarises recent research examining the role of sleep in the development of trauma-related intrusive memories. Recent Findings There have been initial conflicting results across a small number of studies, namely, whether sleep following experimental analogue trauma results in increased or decreased frequency of later intrusive memories. However, the results of three recent meta-analyses suggest a beneficial effect of sleep early after analogue trauma exposure. Summary The relationship between sleep following analogue trauma and reduction in intrusive memory frequency may be due to the role of sleep in the consolidation and integration of traumatic memories into existing autobiographical knowledge. More research is needed to investigate the mechanism of action for this relationship.

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Does Sleep Reduce Intrusive Memories After Analogue Trauma? Recent Findings of Experimental Sleep Manipulations Using the Trauma Film Paradigm

Ogden,

Jobson,

Drummond

2024

Curr Sleep Medicine Rep

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The memory trace of an intrusive trauma-analog episode

Kobelt,

Waldhauser,

Rupietta

et al. 2024

Current Biology

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A systematic review and meta-analysis of experimental methods for modulating intrusive memories following lab-analogue trauma exposure in non-clinical populations

Varma,

Zeng,

Singh

et al. 2024

Nat Hum Behav

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Experiencing trauma leads to intrusive memories (IMs), a hallmark symptom of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), which also occurs transdiagnostically. Understanding why IMs increase or decrease is pivotal in developing interventions to support mental health. In this preregistered meta-analysis (PROSPERO: CRD42021224835), we included 134 articles (131 techniques, 606 effect sizes and 12,074 non-clinical participants) to investigate how experimental techniques alter IM frequency, intrusion-related distress and symptoms arising from lab-analogue trauma exposure. Eligible articles were identified by searching eight databases until 12 December 2023. To test potential publication biases, we employed methods including Egger’s test and three-parameter selection models. We employed three-level multilevel modelling and meta-regressions to examine whether and how experimental techniques would modulate IM frequency and associated outcomes. Results showed that techniques (behavioural, pharmacological, neuromodulation) significantly reduced intrusion frequency ( g = 0.16, 95% confidence interval [0.09, 0.23]). Notably, techniques aimed to reduce IMs also ameliorated intrusion-related distress and symptoms, while techniques that increased IMs exacerbated these related outcomes, thus highlighting IM’s centrality in PTSD-like symptoms. Techniques tapping into mental imagery processing (for example, trauma reminder followed by playing Tetris) reduced intrusions when administered immediately after, or at a delayed time after trauma. Although our meta-analysis is limited to symptoms induced by lab-analogue trauma exposure, some lab-based results have now generalized to real-world trauma and IMs, highlighting the promising utility of lab-analogue trauma paradigms for intervention development.

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To sleep or not to sleep, that is the question: A systematic review and meta-analysis on the effect of post-trauma sleep on intrusive memories of analog trauma

Cited by 6 publications

References 122 publications

Does Sleep Reduce Intrusive Memories After Analogue Trauma? Recent Findings of Experimental Sleep Manipulations Using the Trauma Film Paradigm

Does Sleep Reduce Intrusive Memories After Analogue Trauma? Recent Findings of Experimental Sleep Manipulations Using the Trauma Film Paradigm

The memory trace of an intrusive trauma-analog episode

A systematic review and meta-analysis of experimental methods for modulating intrusive memories following lab-analogue trauma exposure in non-clinical populations

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